Science Publishing Group: Humanities and Social Sciences: Table of Contents
<i> Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) </i>provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research and review articles.The journal publishes original research papers at the forefront of humanities and social sciences.The topics included and emphasized in this journal are, but not limited to, Linguistics, Commerce, Anthropology, Sociology, Geography, Economics, History, Environmental Studies, Business Administration, Home Science, Public Health, Political Science, Demography, Cultural Studies, Ethnography and Sociolinguistics.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/hss Science Publishing Group: Humanities and Social Sciences: Table of Contents
Science Publishing Group
en-US
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humanities and Social Sciences
http://image.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/208.gif
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/hss
Facing Urban Vulnerability through Kampung Development, Case Study of Kampungs in Surabaya
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.11
Urban is a settlement area that has been untouched by the detailed planning, and be the largest population concentration where the human development done. Urban vulnerability is an indicator of high pressure to the city due to urbanization and globalization. Kampungs have become a key feature of cities in Indonesia. It is important to understand the role of kampungs in the urban development. Kampungs which are home to a large low-income people in general have environmental problems in lacking of basic service and infrastructure. Kampungs should be able to adapt in order to survive as a livable settlement. This paper will describe, how the kampungs (especially in Surabaya) can withstand the vulnerability of the city. The method applied in this paper is a qualitative descriptive study based on the literature and data compilation. The main data sources derived from statistical documents and the results of the study on the scope of the city of Surabaya. This paper is expected to provide a new paradigm, how the kampungs is able to survive in faceing the vulnerability of the city.
Urban is a settlement area that has been untouched by the detailed planning, and be the largest population concentration where the human development done. Urban vulnerability is an indicator of high pressure to the city due to urbanization and globalization. Kampungs have become a key feature of cities in Indonesia. It is important to understand the role of kampungs in the urban development. Kampungs which are home to a large low-income people in general have environmental problems in lacking of basic service and infrastructure. Kampungs should be able to adapt in order to survive as a livable settlement. This paper will describe, how the kampungs (especially in Surabaya) can withstand the vulnerability of the city. The method applied in this paper is a qualitative descriptive study based on the literature and data compilation. The main data sources derived from statistical documents and the results of the study on the scope of the city of Surabaya. This paper is expected to provide a new paradigm, how the kampungs is able to survive in faceing the vulnerability of the city.
Facing Urban Vulnerability through Kampung Development, Case Study of Kampungs in Surabaya
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Rita Ernawati
Happy Ratna Santosa
Purwanita Setijanti
Facing Urban Vulnerability through Kampung Development, Case Study of Kampungs in Surabaya
1
1
6
6
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Race and Religion: The Hindu Perspectives
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.12
The author’s attempt in the paper is to present race and religion in global context on the one hand and to analyse the same in Indian perspectives in general and the Hindu outlook in particular on theother hand. The quotes and references from Hindu Scriptures are given in the paper to clearly illustrate the values and ethics in Sanatana Dharma, a synonym used for Hinduism. The meaning and concept of Hinduism can best be known by understanding the types of lives the Hindus live on Indian soil. Also, the significance of this timeless religion can be known when one comes across how Hindus treat the people in humanistic manner. In this context, it is a subject of knowing this truth that the Hinduism has ever been welcoming the arrival of different races and religions and has been adapting and assimilating their good aspects and the eternal values, thus giving another broader outlook and liberal nature of Hindus that make them Indian with pride and dignity.
The author’s attempt in the paper is to present race and religion in global context on the one hand and to analyse the same in Indian perspectives in general and the Hindu outlook in particular on theother hand. The quotes and references from Hindu Scriptures are given in the paper to clearly illustrate the values and ethics in Sanatana Dharma, a synonym used for Hinduism. The meaning and concept of Hinduism can best be known by understanding the types of lives the Hindus live on Indian soil. Also, the significance of this timeless religion can be known when one comes across how Hindus treat the people in humanistic manner. In this context, it is a subject of knowing this truth that the Hinduism has ever been welcoming the arrival of different races and religions and has been adapting and assimilating their good aspects and the eternal values, thus giving another broader outlook and liberal nature of Hindus that make them Indian with pride and dignity.
Race and Religion: The Hindu Perspectives
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Arjun Dubey
Race and Religion: The Hindu Perspectives
1
1
10
10
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Egyptian Revolution as Source in Printing Fashion Designs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.13
Welcome to our revolution. It's the same perpetual bewilderment between faith and unbelief, action and inertia, perseverance and despair; as always, victory will come only to the believers, to the dreamers, to those willing to bare their breast to the fire, not to die but to prevail with their bodies and remain steadfast. Protesters evoke Egyptian folk art symbols to express revolution. The research focus on symbols used in revolution as writing on walls, drawing on walls, rural scarf, rural earring, copper ring, Arabic writings, and National symbols. The research will study the effect of Egyptian folk art elements on the revolution phenomenon. Design new printing design and clothing design inspired from revolution phenomenon and reflect Egyptian loyalty to folk art. And, will use the elements of printing and clothing in designs to make the new trends in fashion and emphasis on Egyptian identity.
Welcome to our revolution. It's the same perpetual bewilderment between faith and unbelief, action and inertia, perseverance and despair; as always, victory will come only to the believers, to the dreamers, to those willing to bare their breast to the fire, not to die but to prevail with their bodies and remain steadfast. Protesters evoke Egyptian folk art symbols to express revolution. The research focus on symbols used in revolution as writing on walls, drawing on walls, rural scarf, rural earring, copper ring, Arabic writings, and National symbols. The research will study the effect of Egyptian folk art elements on the revolution phenomenon. Design new printing design and clothing design inspired from revolution phenomenon and reflect Egyptian loyalty to folk art. And, will use the elements of printing and clothing in designs to make the new trends in fashion and emphasis on Egyptian identity.
Egyptian Revolution as Source in Printing Fashion Designs
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Manal Mohamady Taha Eladwy
Maha Mohamady Taha Eladwi
Egyptian Revolution as Source in Printing Fashion Designs
1
1
20
20
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.13
© Science Publishing Group
State Responsibility as a Panacea to International Terrorism
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.15
The ultimate dream and goal of every State under the membership of the United Nations is to live every single day in peace without any fear of terror. As reflected in the aims and objectives of the United Nations in its Charter, this is one of the major reasons why the Organization was in fact established. Unfortunately, we now live in a world where no State can afford to sleep even with one eye closed. This is the tragedy of a world lived in fear of terror. Although terrorism is not a new development, modern international terrorism is and most states, especially the Western States, live in constant fear of any imminent Terrorist attack. Be it freedom fighters or terrorists, the truth is no good words can be used to describe any act of terror because of its effects on innocent civilians and the whole community/state at large. This paper explains terrorism in the context of countering it by evaluating the efforts of the United Nations and how these efforts have helped in suppressing and eradicating its evils. It also seeks to evaluate the collective effort of states in fighting this evil menace.
The ultimate dream and goal of every State under the membership of the United Nations is to live every single day in peace without any fear of terror. As reflected in the aims and objectives of the United Nations in its Charter, this is one of the major reasons why the Organization was in fact established. Unfortunately, we now live in a world where no State can afford to sleep even with one eye closed. This is the tragedy of a world lived in fear of terror. Although terrorism is not a new development, modern international terrorism is and most states, especially the Western States, live in constant fear of any imminent Terrorist attack. Be it freedom fighters or terrorists, the truth is no good words can be used to describe any act of terror because of its effects on innocent civilians and the whole community/state at large. This paper explains terrorism in the context of countering it by evaluating the efforts of the United Nations and how these efforts have helped in suppressing and eradicating its evils. It also seeks to evaluate the collective effort of states in fighting this evil menace.
State Responsibility as a Panacea to International Terrorism
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Tobiloba O. Awotoye
State Responsibility as a Panacea to International Terrorism
1
1
45
45
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.15
© Science Publishing Group
Digital Exclusion in Later Life: A Maltese Case Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.14
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are driving profound changes in the way in which individuals, organizations and governments interact. In particular, the internet has been a major force behind the development towards a more globalized, knowledge-based economy. However, in terms of access to computer access and internet usage, a digital divide between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ has long been recognized. One key sector of non-users consists of older persons. For various reasons, including no exposure to computers over their lifetime and in their occupations, income levels, physical disability and access to affordable ICT training, only limited percentages of older people have adequate ICT skills. A growing concern has been that older adults who do not engage with ICTs face social disadvantages and exclu-sion. This article reports upon a qualitative study with older non-users of ICTs, with its key goal being to understand what leads to, and the effects of, digital exclusion in later life. Results found that older persons who never made use of ICTs were significantly delineated by gender and socio-economic status patterns - namely, women (especially housewives, who had never been in paid employment), individuals who worked in blue-collar and working-class occupations, and the long-term unemployed. Data also demonstrated that access was not the main issue at hand, and that the failure of older adults to become digital citizens was the result of a continuum of overlapping barriers. This study provided information highlighting the rationales and motivations underlying individuals’ non-use of computers - namely, believing that they were now ‘too old’ to use new technologies, a lack of relevance or ‘life-fit’ of computers, perceived non-usefulness and difficulty to use, anxiety about computer usage, concern about security and privacy issues, and the facing of disability issues.
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are driving profound changes in the way in which individuals, organizations and governments interact. In particular, the internet has been a major force behind the development towards a more globalized, knowledge-based economy. However, in terms of access to computer access and internet usage, a digital divide between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ has long been recognized. One key sector of non-users consists of older persons. For various reasons, including no exposure to computers over their lifetime and in their occupations, income levels, physical disability and access to affordable ICT training, only limited percentages of older people have adequate ICT skills. A growing concern has been that older adults who do not engage with ICTs face social disadvantages and exclu-sion. This article reports upon a qualitative study with older non-users of ICTs, with its key goal being to understand what leads to, and the effects of, digital exclusion in later life. Results found that older persons who never made use of ICTs were significantly delineated by gender and socio-economic status patterns - namely, women (especially housewives, who had never been in paid employment), individuals who worked in blue-collar and working-class occupations, and the long-term unemployed. Data also demonstrated that access was not the main issue at hand, and that the failure of older adults to become digital citizens was the result of a continuum of overlapping barriers. This study provided information highlighting the rationales and motivations underlying individuals’ non-use of computers - namely, believing that they were now ‘too old’ to use new technologies, a lack of relevance or ‘life-fit’ of computers, perceived non-usefulness and difficulty to use, anxiety about computer usage, concern about security and privacy issues, and the facing of disability issues.
Digital Exclusion in Later Life: A Maltese Case Study
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Marvin Formosa
Digital Exclusion in Later Life: A Maltese Case Study
1
1
27
27
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Effectiveness of Using Puzzles in Developing Palestinian Tenth Graders' Vocabulary Achievement and Retention
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.16
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using puzzles in developing tenth graders vocabulary achievement. It also examined the long-term effect of the puzzles on the retention of the vocabulary. The researchers purposively chose 80 tenth graders from Abdul Kareem Al-Aklook secondary School for boys in Dair Al Balah for the experiment and randomly chose two classes from the tenth grade classes. The sample of the study was 80 students, (40) students in each one. Educational Puzzles were used in teaching the experimental group, while the traditional method was used with the control one in the second term of the school year (2012-2013). The experiment lasted for six weeks. After two weeks, a delayed test was administrated to the experimental group to measure retention. The results of the study revealed that there were significant differences in mean scores of vocabulary test in favor of the experimental group in the post application. It also showed that there were no significant differences in mean scores between the post-test and delayed test of the experimental group. And this was due to the method of using puzzles in teaching vocabulary. In the light of those findings, the study recommended the necessity of implementing puzzles in teaching English language to make better outcomes in students' achievement and to shed light on techniques that emphasize organizing information for long learning (retention).
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using puzzles in developing tenth graders vocabulary achievement. It also examined the long-term effect of the puzzles on the retention of the vocabulary. The researchers purposively chose 80 tenth graders from Abdul Kareem Al-Aklook secondary School for boys in Dair Al Balah for the experiment and randomly chose two classes from the tenth grade classes. The sample of the study was 80 students, (40) students in each one. Educational Puzzles were used in teaching the experimental group, while the traditional method was used with the control one in the second term of the school year (2012-2013). The experiment lasted for six weeks. After two weeks, a delayed test was administrated to the experimental group to measure retention. The results of the study revealed that there were significant differences in mean scores of vocabulary test in favor of the experimental group in the post application. It also showed that there were no significant differences in mean scores between the post-test and delayed test of the experimental group. And this was due to the method of using puzzles in teaching vocabulary. In the light of those findings, the study recommended the necessity of implementing puzzles in teaching English language to make better outcomes in students' achievement and to shed light on techniques that emphasize organizing information for long learning (retention).
The Effectiveness of Using Puzzles in Developing Palestinian Tenth Graders' Vocabulary Achievement and Retention
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.16
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Awad Soliman Keshta
Fikry Kamel Al-Faleet
The Effectiveness of Using Puzzles in Developing Palestinian Tenth Graders' Vocabulary Achievement and Retention
1
1
57
57
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.16
© Science Publishing Group
Women and Peace Initiative in Igbo Traditional Society: A Viable Option for Peace Building in Modern Africa
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.17
Peace, the pristine aspiration of humanity seems to have evaded the contemporary age. Therefore, bloody conflicts have ravaged human race from dateless past to the present. However, humanity has attempted to put in place certain socio-political mechanism to grapple with this insidious phenomenon. In spite of the various mechanisms, war has continued to persist with greater intensity. Experts attributed its persistence to human greed, personal enterprise and violation of certain social capitals. Africa which had track record of peaceful estate in her traditional history is now synonymous with conflict in modern history. Thus, she is described as one of the most volatile part of the world. Consequently, world communities have become concerned on how to stop or at least reduce it to the barest. Therefore; many have come up with propositions as to the cause of conflict in this region and consequently suggested steps to stopping it. However, this work has taken historical, socio-political and cultural approach to the study of conflict in this region. It found that the recent upsurge of conflict in Africa is predicated on the fact that certain social values and norms have been violated. The basic institution sustaining the social structure have been neglected and abandoned. This paper also discovered that one major cause of the upsurge of conflict in Africa is the dislodging of the women from the public sphere and her abandonment of her divine role.. We therefore underscore that if peace must return to Africa, women must return to their legitimate social role. We used the Igbo example to justify our assumption.
Peace, the pristine aspiration of humanity seems to have evaded the contemporary age. Therefore, bloody conflicts have ravaged human race from dateless past to the present. However, humanity has attempted to put in place certain socio-political mechanism to grapple with this insidious phenomenon. In spite of the various mechanisms, war has continued to persist with greater intensity. Experts attributed its persistence to human greed, personal enterprise and violation of certain social capitals. Africa which had track record of peaceful estate in her traditional history is now synonymous with conflict in modern history. Thus, she is described as one of the most volatile part of the world. Consequently, world communities have become concerned on how to stop or at least reduce it to the barest. Therefore; many have come up with propositions as to the cause of conflict in this region and consequently suggested steps to stopping it. However, this work has taken historical, socio-political and cultural approach to the study of conflict in this region. It found that the recent upsurge of conflict in Africa is predicated on the fact that certain social values and norms have been violated. The basic institution sustaining the social structure have been neglected and abandoned. This paper also discovered that one major cause of the upsurge of conflict in Africa is the dislodging of the women from the public sphere and her abandonment of her divine role.. We therefore underscore that if peace must return to Africa, women must return to their legitimate social role. We used the Igbo example to justify our assumption.
Women and Peace Initiative in Igbo Traditional Society: A Viable Option for Peace Building in Modern Africa
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130101.17
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Okoro, Kingsley N.
Women and Peace Initiative in Igbo Traditional Society: A Viable Option for Peace Building in Modern Africa
1
1
69
69
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130101.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130101.17
© Science Publishing Group
Recent Issues Related to Pragmatic Lifestyles in Viet Nam
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130102.11
In Vietnam, when the social develops then the living is raised higher, and the influence of foreign culture, especially Western culture and American culture, become the most powerful and fastest. The transformation of values is happening on many areas of social life that associated with the institutions about economic, political, social and cultural. So, individualism and active lifestyle is more enhanced. However, the pragmatic lifestyle, the emotionless lifestyle and the epicurean lifestyle are also developed and its consequences have also been influenced greatly with respect to social. The article provides positive and negative expressions of pragmatic lifestyles, thus making comments on measures to reduce the restraints of these lifestyles.
In Vietnam, when the social develops then the living is raised higher, and the influence of foreign culture, especially Western culture and American culture, become the most powerful and fastest. The transformation of values is happening on many areas of social life that associated with the institutions about economic, political, social and cultural. So, individualism and active lifestyle is more enhanced. However, the pragmatic lifestyle, the emotionless lifestyle and the epicurean lifestyle are also developed and its consequences have also been influenced greatly with respect to social. The article provides positive and negative expressions of pragmatic lifestyles, thus making comments on measures to reduce the restraints of these lifestyles.
Recent Issues Related to Pragmatic Lifestyles in Viet Nam
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130102.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Phu Hop Mai
JunWu Yang
Recent Issues Related to Pragmatic Lifestyles in Viet Nam
1
2
77
77
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130102.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130102.11
© Science Publishing Group
On Philipson’s Early-Start and the Maximum-Exposure Fallacies: A Case Study of Selected 100 Level Students of the University of Ibadan
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.14
The English language is undoubtedly a force to be reckoned with in the polity called Nigeria. In fact, as shall be soon made clearer in this paper, the language has been accorded so much power that it has relegated many of the country’s indigenous languages to the background; a linguistic situation that is commonly and generally referred to as linguistic imperialism(see Philipson 1992). Many parents are under the false assumption that the acquisiton of the language is the main (and most times the only) means of measuring a child’s intelligence and how well a child is positioned to face future challenges in the country. Such parents, mostly the educated ones, therefore would desist from communicating with their children in their local languages, and sometimes frown at the efforts of such children to mumble some words of their local languages, for fear that its knowledge might affect their acquisition of the English language, hence their poor performance in the language as a subject in school. It is therefore not surprising to see such parents exposing their children to the language from day one after birth at the expense of their local languages. This work gives insights to the performance of children from English-oriented homes vis-a-vis their counterparts from indigeneous language-oriented homes in the English language, as it concludes that there is no significant difference in the performance of these two categories of children in the administered English language test. It therefore renders invalid the early start and the maximum exposure tenets in line with the position of Philipson (1992).
The English language is undoubtedly a force to be reckoned with in the polity called Nigeria. In fact, as shall be soon made clearer in this paper, the language has been accorded so much power that it has relegated many of the country’s indigenous languages to the background; a linguistic situation that is commonly and generally referred to as linguistic imperialism(see Philipson 1992). Many parents are under the false assumption that the acquisiton of the language is the main (and most times the only) means of measuring a child’s intelligence and how well a child is positioned to face future challenges in the country. Such parents, mostly the educated ones, therefore would desist from communicating with their children in their local languages, and sometimes frown at the efforts of such children to mumble some words of their local languages, for fear that its knowledge might affect their acquisition of the English language, hence their poor performance in the language as a subject in school. It is therefore not surprising to see such parents exposing their children to the language from day one after birth at the expense of their local languages. This work gives insights to the performance of children from English-oriented homes vis-a-vis their counterparts from indigeneous language-oriented homes in the English language, as it concludes that there is no significant difference in the performance of these two categories of children in the administered English language test. It therefore renders invalid the early start and the maximum exposure tenets in line with the position of Philipson (1992).
On Philipson’s Early-Start and the Maximum-Exposure Fallacies: A Case Study of Selected 100 Level Students of the University of Ibadan
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130103.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Ajayi Temitope Michael
On Philipson’s Early-Start and the Maximum-Exposure Fallacies: A Case Study of Selected 100 Level Students of the University of Ibadan
1
3
107
107
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130103.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.14
© Science Publishing Group
Disables’ Accessibility Problems on the Public Facilities within the Context of Surabaya, Indonesia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.11
Even though the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has been signed by all states and by regional integration organization on 2007, in developing countries, providing barrier free environment is still questionable. Indonesia for example, the ratification of this convention has been signed by Indonesian Government on 2011 and the implementation process is ongoing. Surabaya for instance, for the last few years has improved public facilities (such as pedestrian ways and open space) to be more accessible for citizens. Yet those improvements are still misleading and failed to provide friendly environment especially for disabled people and elderly. The aim of this paper is to investigate the realization of accessible design in some public facilities in Surabaya especially in pedestrian ways and public open space (recreational facilities). Observation in field study is conducted as research methods and description analysis is used. This research is also conducted by disabled researcher who has physical impairment and has experienced everyday living in disabling environment of Surabaya. The result shows that even though accessible design in public facilities has been supported by Indonesian law and local government, its implementations are failed and the process of planning and design has not included the participation of disabled people and well informed. Therefore, disabled people are still struggle to do their activities and needs in public facilities.
Even though the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has been signed by all states and by regional integration organization on 2007, in developing countries, providing barrier free environment is still questionable. Indonesia for example, the ratification of this convention has been signed by Indonesian Government on 2011 and the implementation process is ongoing. Surabaya for instance, for the last few years has improved public facilities (such as pedestrian ways and open space) to be more accessible for citizens. Yet those improvements are still misleading and failed to provide friendly environment especially for disabled people and elderly. The aim of this paper is to investigate the realization of accessible design in some public facilities in Surabaya especially in pedestrian ways and public open space (recreational facilities). Observation in field study is conducted as research methods and description analysis is used. This research is also conducted by disabled researcher who has physical impairment and has experienced everyday living in disabling environment of Surabaya. The result shows that even though accessible design in public facilities has been supported by Indonesian law and local government, its implementations are failed and the process of planning and design has not included the participation of disabled people and well informed. Therefore, disabled people are still struggle to do their activities and needs in public facilities.
Disables’ Accessibility Problems on the Public Facilities within the Context of Surabaya, Indonesia
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130103.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Arina Hayati
Muhammad Faqih
Disables’ Accessibility Problems on the Public Facilities within the Context of Surabaya, Indonesia
1
3
84
84
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130103.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.11
© Science Publishing Group
From Amateurism to Professionalism: Sport’s Transformations by the Brazilian Olympic Athletes’ Lenses
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.12
Among the various marks that Olympic sports went through along the last century, the transformation of amateurism into professionalism was one of them. Seen, in the beginning, as one of the main Olympic movement´s pillars, amateurism was overcome by the contemporary sport´s dynamics. It became professional, changing not just the sport´s institutions but also the athletes´ careers, athletes who are the sporting spectacle´s protagonists and also the Olympic Games´ reason to be. The current work aims to present how Brazilian Olympic Athletes´ career professionalization process happened, as well as how it took place in sport´s by the end of last century. Thus, life histories narratives were used as methodology. It is observed, in such narratives, that throughout amateurism, searching for a new career was a normal condition to all athletes. Yet, professionalization did not happen as a national sport´s policy, what meant the development of some modalities, but not the development of sports as a whole.
Among the various marks that Olympic sports went through along the last century, the transformation of amateurism into professionalism was one of them. Seen, in the beginning, as one of the main Olympic movement´s pillars, amateurism was overcome by the contemporary sport´s dynamics. It became professional, changing not just the sport´s institutions but also the athletes´ careers, athletes who are the sporting spectacle´s protagonists and also the Olympic Games´ reason to be. The current work aims to present how Brazilian Olympic Athletes´ career professionalization process happened, as well as how it took place in sport´s by the end of last century. Thus, life histories narratives were used as methodology. It is observed, in such narratives, that throughout amateurism, searching for a new career was a normal condition to all athletes. Yet, professionalization did not happen as a national sport´s policy, what meant the development of some modalities, but not the development of sports as a whole.
From Amateurism to Professionalism: Sport’s Transformations by the Brazilian Olympic Athletes’ Lenses
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130103.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Katia Rubio
From Amateurism to Professionalism: Sport’s Transformations by the Brazilian Olympic Athletes’ Lenses
1
3
91
91
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130103.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.12
© Science Publishing Group
Analytical Performance of Administrations in Charge of Ageing Program in Iran
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.15
Population aging in most of developed countries should be subjective to more attention regarding health issues of aging group. First proceeding aiming to improve elderly life quality in Iran goes back to 1985 by initiating Shahid Rajai Program. By then different organizations and institutes have launched several programs related to elderly center. This paper compares performance of different programmes of active organizations in the field of elderly care in Iran.
Population aging in most of developed countries should be subjective to more attention regarding health issues of aging group. First proceeding aiming to improve elderly life quality in Iran goes back to 1985 by initiating Shahid Rajai Program. By then different organizations and institutes have launched several programs related to elderly center. This paper compares performance of different programmes of active organizations in the field of elderly care in Iran.
Analytical Performance of Administrations in Charge of Ageing Program in Iran
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130103.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Reza Safdari
Maryam Mohamadiazar
Analytical Performance of Administrations in Charge of Ageing Program in Iran
1
3
111
111
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130103.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.15
© Science Publishing Group
A View of Jamaica’s Murder Victims, Perpetrators & the Impact of the 2010 Incursion
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.13
In this manuscript we investigate homicides in Jamaica for the period 2007-2012. Several views of the available data are presented in an attempt to highlight statistically significant changes in murder rates as well as to indicate areas where there has been virtually no change in frequencies or patterns. As we begin to better understand the dynamics behind the victims and perpetrators of murder through statistical analyses, those initiatives that target crime and homicide reduction should become more efficient and effective. Some commentary is included in order to provide background and support for the statistical tools used.
In this manuscript we investigate homicides in Jamaica for the period 2007-2012. Several views of the available data are presented in an attempt to highlight statistically significant changes in murder rates as well as to indicate areas where there has been virtually no change in frequencies or patterns. As we begin to better understand the dynamics behind the victims and perpetrators of murder through statistical analyses, those initiatives that target crime and homicide reduction should become more efficient and effective. Some commentary is included in order to provide background and support for the statistical tools used.
A View of Jamaica’s Murder Victims, Perpetrators & the Impact of the 2010 Incursion
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130103.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Fred Spiring
A View of Jamaica’s Murder Victims, Perpetrators & the Impact of the 2010 Incursion
1
3
100
100
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130103.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.13
© Science Publishing Group
Civilization of New Citizen in the Process of Urbanization in China
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.16
Nowadays, China has entered into a high-speed urbanization stage, and a great deal of population especially rural population has immigrated to cities and become new citizens in cities. Meanwhile, the urbanization has got a high-speed development in hardware such as city scale, population and infrastructure, but software constructions with the core of civilization are seriously lagged behind. As a result, this has restricted the inner quality of urban development seriously. The author found that two important aspects should be considered in the process of urbanization. Firstly, new citizens should have citizen identity and right in law and reality. Secondly, kinds of education methods should be adopted to establish civil personality in new citizens.
Nowadays, China has entered into a high-speed urbanization stage, and a great deal of population especially rural population has immigrated to cities and become new citizens in cities. Meanwhile, the urbanization has got a high-speed development in hardware such as city scale, population and infrastructure, but software constructions with the core of civilization are seriously lagged behind. As a result, this has restricted the inner quality of urban development seriously. The author found that two important aspects should be considered in the process of urbanization. Firstly, new citizens should have citizen identity and right in law and reality. Secondly, kinds of education methods should be adopted to establish civil personality in new citizens.
Civilization of New Citizen in the Process of Urbanization in China
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20130103.16
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Zhou Yongkang
Xi Yipeng
Civilization of New Citizen in the Process of Urbanization in China
1
3
117
117
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20130103.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20130103.16
© Science Publishing Group
Bilingual Programs in Jaffna: An Appraisal
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140201.12
This paper tries to bring the actual practice of bilingual education in Jaffna schools. A research was undertaken in order to appraise the bilingual programs being conducted in the Jaffna schools, particularly in the post civil war scenario. The study looks into current situation of bilingual education programs in place in the two schools, Jaffna Hindu Ladies’ College (JHLC) and J/Vembadi High School (VGHC). A pilot study gave a lot of insights to focus on the key issues of the present study, and also it helped the researcher to develop research tools and decide the sample size. This study captured different perspectives of teachers and students from two schools and also the other socio-linguistic and socio-cultural factors that might have an impact on the effective operation of bilingual programs in Jaffna.
This paper tries to bring the actual practice of bilingual education in Jaffna schools. A research was undertaken in order to appraise the bilingual programs being conducted in the Jaffna schools, particularly in the post civil war scenario. The study looks into current situation of bilingual education programs in place in the two schools, Jaffna Hindu Ladies’ College (JHLC) and J/Vembadi High School (VGHC). A pilot study gave a lot of insights to focus on the key issues of the present study, and also it helped the researcher to develop research tools and decide the sample size. This study captured different perspectives of teachers and students from two schools and also the other socio-linguistic and socio-cultural factors that might have an impact on the effective operation of bilingual programs in Jaffna.
Bilingual Programs in Jaffna: An Appraisal
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140201.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
T. Karunakaran
Bilingual Programs in Jaffna: An Appraisal
2
1
10
10
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Organized Crime as International Law
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140201.11
Organized crime and law corruption are shaped by the lack of strength of the control mechanisms of the State and civil society. The results presented in the present article attest to the links between the growth of organized crime and that of corruption in the public sector in a large number of countries. The structure and organization of criminal justice services is an important building block in the quest for improved institutional performance. Virtually every national study commission and standard-setting group has offered recommendations on structure, usually as part of larger bodies of reform doctrine. Yet, structural proposals have rarely been sorted out, compared and analyzed across criminal justice components. This article outlines the difficulties of dealing adequately in legal terms with these phenomena and analyses the different approaches adopted so far at the national and international law level. The present article analyses the steps taken so far at the national and international level, against the background of the respective practical and theoretical challenges. Researchers believe that one of the most important aspects of effective management is to learn the science of organized crime.
Organized crime and law corruption are shaped by the lack of strength of the control mechanisms of the State and civil society. The results presented in the present article attest to the links between the growth of organized crime and that of corruption in the public sector in a large number of countries. The structure and organization of criminal justice services is an important building block in the quest for improved institutional performance. Virtually every national study commission and standard-setting group has offered recommendations on structure, usually as part of larger bodies of reform doctrine. Yet, structural proposals have rarely been sorted out, compared and analyzed across criminal justice components. This article outlines the difficulties of dealing adequately in legal terms with these phenomena and analyses the different approaches adopted so far at the national and international law level. The present article analyses the steps taken so far at the national and international level, against the background of the respective practical and theoretical challenges. Researchers believe that one of the most important aspects of effective management is to learn the science of organized crime.
Organized Crime as International Law
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140201.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Saeideh Yari
Kobra Mamandi
Organized Crime as International Law
2
1
4
4
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Global Perspective on Cybercrime
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.14
Cybercrimes are responsible for the interruption of normal computer functions and has been known to cause the downfall of many companies and personal entities. The expression crime is defined as an act, which subjects the doer to legal punishment or any offence against morality, social order or any unjust or shameful act. The "offence" is defined in the Code of Criminal Procedure to mean as an act or omission made punishable by any law for the time being in force. Society is becoming more dependent upon data and networks to operate our businesses, government, national defense and other critical functions. Cybercrime is a kind of crime that happens in "cyberspace", that is, happens in the world of computer and the Internet. Although many people have a limited knowledge of "cybercrime", this kind of crime has the serious potential for severe impact on our lives and society, because our society is becoming an information society, full of information exchange happening in "cyberspace". Thus, it is necessary to introduce cybercrime detailed. This paper gives detailed information regarding cybercrime, its types, and modes of cybercrime. Cyber Crime from the world but we can reduce it to a large extent by creating awareness in Society. We suggest a system of administrative regulation backed by criminal sanctions that will provide the incentives necessary to create a workable deterrent to cybercrime. This new model is compared to some important existing models and applied to cybercrime. This paper is aimed particularly at readers concerned with major systems employed in medium to large commercial or industrial enterprises.
Cybercrimes are responsible for the interruption of normal computer functions and has been known to cause the downfall of many companies and personal entities. The expression crime is defined as an act, which subjects the doer to legal punishment or any offence against morality, social order or any unjust or shameful act. The "offence" is defined in the Code of Criminal Procedure to mean as an act or omission made punishable by any law for the time being in force. Society is becoming more dependent upon data and networks to operate our businesses, government, national defense and other critical functions. Cybercrime is a kind of crime that happens in "cyberspace", that is, happens in the world of computer and the Internet. Although many people have a limited knowledge of "cybercrime", this kind of crime has the serious potential for severe impact on our lives and society, because our society is becoming an information society, full of information exchange happening in "cyberspace". Thus, it is necessary to introduce cybercrime detailed. This paper gives detailed information regarding cybercrime, its types, and modes of cybercrime. Cyber Crime from the world but we can reduce it to a large extent by creating awareness in Society. We suggest a system of administrative regulation backed by criminal sanctions that will provide the incentives necessary to create a workable deterrent to cybercrime. This new model is compared to some important existing models and applied to cybercrime. This paper is aimed particularly at readers concerned with major systems employed in medium to large commercial or industrial enterprises.
A Global Perspective on Cybercrime
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140202.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Kobra Mamandi
Saeideh Yari
A Global Perspective on Cybercrime
2
2
37
37
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20140202.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.14
© Science Publishing Group
Geography, Democracy and Administration Issue in the Middle East
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.13
The Middle East has been one of the most controversial regions in the world since the late 19th century and early 20th century due to ethnical, political and religious diversity, administration problems, historical disputes, oil and natural gas reserves, status of being outside the global economic and political system and hot combats. Now, at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the most significant reason behind the events centrally in the Middle East, particularly in the Arabian states, is regime of the countries in the Middle East. In the countries of the Middle East, restriction of the democratic rights, one-person powers for long years and lasting many decades, limited engagement in the politics in almost all countries, prevention of political engagement, oppressive and restrictive regimes, hereditary authoritarian administration isolated from the society all have triggered social movements. This study concerns relationship between geography and democracy, specifically in the Middle East, emphasizing the fundamentals on which the regimes of the Middle East Countries are based. Intending to determine the situation, this study is based on documentary analysis and description.
The Middle East has been one of the most controversial regions in the world since the late 19th century and early 20th century due to ethnical, political and religious diversity, administration problems, historical disputes, oil and natural gas reserves, status of being outside the global economic and political system and hot combats. Now, at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the most significant reason behind the events centrally in the Middle East, particularly in the Arabian states, is regime of the countries in the Middle East. In the countries of the Middle East, restriction of the democratic rights, one-person powers for long years and lasting many decades, limited engagement in the politics in almost all countries, prevention of political engagement, oppressive and restrictive regimes, hereditary authoritarian administration isolated from the society all have triggered social movements. This study concerns relationship between geography and democracy, specifically in the Middle East, emphasizing the fundamentals on which the regimes of the Middle East Countries are based. Intending to determine the situation, this study is based on documentary analysis and description.
Geography, Democracy and Administration Issue in the Middle East
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140202.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hamza Akengin
Hatice Kubra Gurcay
Geography, Democracy and Administration Issue in the Middle East
2
2
32
32
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20140202.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.13
© Science Publishing Group
Early Marriage in South Wollo and East Gojjam Zones of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.11
Early marriage has profound physical, intellectual, psychological and emotional impacts and reduces educational opportunities and the chance for personal growth for both boys and girls. This study investigated the prevalence of early marriage in South Wollo and East Gojjam zones of the Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 769 respondents (476 females and 293 males) who were randomly selected from two zones. Structured questionnaires, focus groups and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. Percentages and Chi-square were used for analysis. The results revealed that early marriage is prevalent in the study areas. Its incidence was higher in East Gojjam(87%) than South Wollo(80%) and much higher for females (83%) than males (17%). Early marriage experience across age cohorts shows a revival of the practice. Hence, legal campaigns against early marriage that allow full community participation are recommended.
Early marriage has profound physical, intellectual, psychological and emotional impacts and reduces educational opportunities and the chance for personal growth for both boys and girls. This study investigated the prevalence of early marriage in South Wollo and East Gojjam zones of the Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 769 respondents (476 females and 293 males) who were randomly selected from two zones. Structured questionnaires, focus groups and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. Percentages and Chi-square were used for analysis. The results revealed that early marriage is prevalent in the study areas. Its incidence was higher in East Gojjam(87%) than South Wollo(80%) and much higher for females (83%) than males (17%). Early marriage experience across age cohorts shows a revival of the practice. Hence, legal campaigns against early marriage that allow full community participation are recommended.
Early Marriage in South Wollo and East Gojjam Zones of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140202.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Kerebih Asrese
Mulunesh Abebe
Early Marriage in South Wollo and East Gojjam Zones of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
2
2
16
16
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Problems of the Effective Classroom Teaching in Govt. Colleges in Dhaka City
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.12
This study is undertaken to study the present status of current teaching-learning system and to identify the limitations of the effective classroom teaching in Govt. colleges. Teachers have been facing various kinds of problems for a long time in Govt. colleges. But it is very difficult to throw light on all the problems within a very short time. The problems are like teachers are not provided with modern teaching aid; they can’t follow a specific teaching method. Lesson plan is not prepared regularly, Classroom problem, Political instability etc. Also, there is a shortage of trained teachers; authorities are not supportive to the teachers’ demand in the classroom and laboratory. Finally, some recommendations have been given to ensure effective classroom teaching.
This study is undertaken to study the present status of current teaching-learning system and to identify the limitations of the effective classroom teaching in Govt. colleges. Teachers have been facing various kinds of problems for a long time in Govt. colleges. But it is very difficult to throw light on all the problems within a very short time. The problems are like teachers are not provided with modern teaching aid; they can’t follow a specific teaching method. Lesson plan is not prepared regularly, Classroom problem, Political instability etc. Also, there is a shortage of trained teachers; authorities are not supportive to the teachers’ demand in the classroom and laboratory. Finally, some recommendations have been given to ensure effective classroom teaching.
The Problems of the Effective Classroom Teaching in Govt. Colleges in Dhaka City
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140202.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
M. Roungu Ahmmad
The Problems of the Effective Classroom Teaching in Govt. Colleges in Dhaka City
2
2
22
22
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hss.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
Violence on Television – Comparative Overview of World Experiences and Macedonian Media Practice
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.15
Television is the primary source of consuming informative contents on a daily basis. For that purpose, a lot of changes are being made in order to keep the attention of the audience that is influenced by these contents no matter whether the influence is direct or indirect. In this respect this depends on the communication content or credibility of the communicator, on the personality of the recipient and his position in the society as well as on the circumstantial conditions. Within experts and scientific circles, there are wide debates about the violence that is shown daily on television as constitutive part of many media contents, from the entertainment programs to journalist reporting which represents a kind of public information. Violence, as asocial emergence, represents a complex notion and is a very complex category by structure that includes the most different forms, shapes and ways of manifestation. This paper includes: the forms and types of violence on television through analysis of different thematic program contents of the national television stations in Republic of Macedonia, a comparative analysis of the European and worldwide experiences from the media space as well as the impact on separate categories and interest groups of the audience through interviews with citizens and media experts and analysis of cases form communication reality.
Television is the primary source of consuming informative contents on a daily basis. For that purpose, a lot of changes are being made in order to keep the attention of the audience that is influenced by these contents no matter whether the influence is direct or indirect. In this respect this depends on the communication content or credibility of the communicator, on the personality of the recipient and his position in the society as well as on the circumstantial conditions. Within experts and scientific circles, there are wide debates about the violence that is shown daily on television as constitutive part of many media contents, from the entertainment programs to journalist reporting which represents a kind of public information. Violence, as asocial emergence, represents a complex notion and is a very complex category by structure that includes the most different forms, shapes and ways of manifestation. This paper includes: the forms and types of violence on television through analysis of different thematic program contents of the national television stations in Republic of Macedonia, a comparative analysis of the European and worldwide experiences from the media space as well as the impact on separate categories and interest groups of the audience through interviews with citizens and media experts and analysis of cases form communication reality.
Violence on Television – Comparative Overview of World Experiences and Macedonian Media Practice
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140202.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-04-30
© Science Publishing Group
Liljana Siljanovska
Violence on Television – Comparative Overview of World Experiences and Macedonian Media Practice
2
2
46
46
2014-04-30
2014-04-30
10.11648/j.hss.20140202.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140202.15
© Science Publishing Group
Analysis of Tourism Facilities’ Distribution and its Optimization Based upon Ashworth-Tunbridge and Getz Models Using GIS; Case Study: Semnan in Historical Silk Route
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.11
This paper highlights distribution of tourism facilities in Semnan and compares them based upon Ashworth, Tunbridge and Getz models. Data analyzed by SPSS and T-test shows that despite of the existing many historical and cultural attractions of the Semnan and its location in the path of ancient Silk Road and also modern Tehran-Mashhad railway, optimal use of existing functions are not performed, because of inappropriate distribution of resources and facilities. In this paper, we have investigated optimal locations of facilities using GIS. Necessary suggestions have been provided to attract more tourists and to improve Semnan tourism planning.
This paper highlights distribution of tourism facilities in Semnan and compares them based upon Ashworth, Tunbridge and Getz models. Data analyzed by SPSS and T-test shows that despite of the existing many historical and cultural attractions of the Semnan and its location in the path of ancient Silk Road and also modern Tehran-Mashhad railway, optimal use of existing functions are not performed, because of inappropriate distribution of resources and facilities. In this paper, we have investigated optimal locations of facilities using GIS. Necessary suggestions have been provided to attract more tourists and to improve Semnan tourism planning.
Analysis of Tourism Facilities’ Distribution and its Optimization Based upon Ashworth-Tunbridge and Getz Models Using GIS; Case Study: Semnan in Historical Silk Route
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140203.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-05-06
© Science Publishing Group
Issa Ebrahimzadeh
Marzie Daraei
Analysis of Tourism Facilities’ Distribution and its Optimization Based upon Ashworth-Tunbridge and Getz Models Using GIS; Case Study: Semnan in Historical Silk Route
2
3
56
56
2014-05-06
2014-05-06
10.11648/j.hss.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Challenges Facing Local NGOs in Resource Mobilization
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.12
Development organizations need resources to help them continue providing services to the community. Non Govermental Organizations (NGOs) for a long time have relied on the generosity of donors to support their project activities through grants and donations. However organizations have realized that such funding sources are often insufficient to meet needs and rising costs for project implementation. In Africa despite vast differences among the NGOs most share a common challenge of unlimited needs chasing limited resources. Local NGOs face difficulties securing enough funds because the projects undertaken require substantial amounts of resources, both financial and non-financial due to high poverty levels in most parts of the continent. Resource mobilization requires a lot of time and skills to seek resources from different sources and the pressure to mobilize resources may lead the organizations to use methods that compromise the values they are fighting for through their work.
Development organizations need resources to help them continue providing services to the community. Non Govermental Organizations (NGOs) for a long time have relied on the generosity of donors to support their project activities through grants and donations. However organizations have realized that such funding sources are often insufficient to meet needs and rising costs for project implementation. In Africa despite vast differences among the NGOs most share a common challenge of unlimited needs chasing limited resources. Local NGOs face difficulties securing enough funds because the projects undertaken require substantial amounts of resources, both financial and non-financial due to high poverty levels in most parts of the continent. Resource mobilization requires a lot of time and skills to seek resources from different sources and the pressure to mobilize resources may lead the organizations to use methods that compromise the values they are fighting for through their work.
Challenges Facing Local NGOs in Resource Mobilization
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140203.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-05-28
© Science Publishing Group
Rehema C. Batti
Challenges Facing Local NGOs in Resource Mobilization
2
3
64
64
2014-05-28
2014-05-28
10.11648/j.hss.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Hidden Transcripts of the Slums
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.13
A slum is a compact area of overcrowded population, poorly built congested dwelling condition, unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities. Living conditions in slums have a direct impact on people’s health. One of the major challenges that face urban planners globally is the proliferation of slums in urban areas and the host of health hazards that they bring along with their wake. However, the prolific spread of slums has been a rampant problem in urban areas worldwide. Eventually, the extent and spread of slums in India not only help us to recognize that they are not anomalous and pathological phenomena on the urban landscape but also a manifestation of urban poverty that is still predominant in the urban economy. This study is an attempt to unfold the underlying problems of development of slums.
A slum is a compact area of overcrowded population, poorly built congested dwelling condition, unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities. Living conditions in slums have a direct impact on people’s health. One of the major challenges that face urban planners globally is the proliferation of slums in urban areas and the host of health hazards that they bring along with their wake. However, the prolific spread of slums has been a rampant problem in urban areas worldwide. Eventually, the extent and spread of slums in India not only help us to recognize that they are not anomalous and pathological phenomena on the urban landscape but also a manifestation of urban poverty that is still predominant in the urban economy. This study is an attempt to unfold the underlying problems of development of slums.
The Hidden Transcripts of the Slums
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140203.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-05-30
© Science Publishing Group
Sribas Goswami
The Hidden Transcripts of the Slums
2
3
74
74
2014-05-30
2014-05-30
10.11648/j.hss.20140203.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.13
© Science Publishing Group
Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Women Begging in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2007
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.14
Background: Begging is a last resort of coping mechanisms of poverty, disability and various political, social and environmental crises. It is practiced to obtain from others. Objective: This study is attempted to investigate the demographic and socio-economic determinants of begging at Bahir Dar. Methods: case-control study design was used with a total population of 204 (102 cases[ beggars] and 102 controls[ non- beggars] ). Semi-structured questionnaire were used and entered in to SPSS for Windows version 15.0 for analysis. Result: reasons for beggar’s engagement in begging were, Poverty (98%) unemployment (78%) and physical handicap (54%) were identified. As to the background characteristics of respondents, the result of the binary logistic regression indicates that there was significant relation between begging and literacy status. The odds of begging decreases by 25% for literate respondents than their illiterate counterparts. In this study, beggaring was found increasing as age level increases. The logistic regression results also indicate that the odds of begging is 10.76 times higher for cases in the age group 25-34 years than younger cohorts (15-24 years). Annual household income also showed an association to be beggars between the groups. Conclusion and Recommendation: illiteracy, migration, old age and low annual household income were significantly associated with being beggar. Reducing rural urban migration and establishing an old age security system may solve the problem.
Background: Begging is a last resort of coping mechanisms of poverty, disability and various political, social and environmental crises. It is practiced to obtain from others. Objective: This study is attempted to investigate the demographic and socio-economic determinants of begging at Bahir Dar. Methods: case-control study design was used with a total population of 204 (102 cases[ beggars] and 102 controls[ non- beggars] ). Semi-structured questionnaire were used and entered in to SPSS for Windows version 15.0 for analysis. Result: reasons for beggar’s engagement in begging were, Poverty (98%) unemployment (78%) and physical handicap (54%) were identified. As to the background characteristics of respondents, the result of the binary logistic regression indicates that there was significant relation between begging and literacy status. The odds of begging decreases by 25% for literate respondents than their illiterate counterparts. In this study, beggaring was found increasing as age level increases. The logistic regression results also indicate that the odds of begging is 10.76 times higher for cases in the age group 25-34 years than younger cohorts (15-24 years). Annual household income also showed an association to be beggars between the groups. Conclusion and Recommendation: illiteracy, migration, old age and low annual household income were significantly associated with being beggar. Reducing rural urban migration and establishing an old age security system may solve the problem.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Women Begging in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2007
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140203.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-06-05
© Science Publishing Group
Kerebih Asrese
Tizita Tilahun
Alemtsehay Mekonnen
Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Women Begging in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2007
2
3
80
80
2014-06-05
2014-06-05
10.11648/j.hss.20140203.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.14
© Science Publishing Group
Strategic planning: Between Shaping Organization Action and Emerging from Organizational Action
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.15
A wide range of knowledge and concepts on strategic planning has been exploring and analyzing substantially and qualitatively in indicating the contemporary understandings of the nature and the philosophy of strategic planning. These understandings based on the contemporary literatures and experts that investigating and personal reflection on the topic, conceptually and theoretically. Once understandings of the nature and the philosophy of strategic planning are formed, it is hoped that, they can be difficult to shake. They take on a paradigmatic quality, which shape our attitudes, way of thinking and philosophy of life strongly, especially the organizations. Of these, this paper comes to sum up that strategic planning, on the one hand, is mostly shaping the organization actions and on the other hand, in some extent, strategic planning is emerging from organizational actions. This is reasonable, because strategic planning bring with treasuries of characteristics or perspectives, which are designing vision, mission, strategic goals, values and principles for the future of the organizations.
A wide range of knowledge and concepts on strategic planning has been exploring and analyzing substantially and qualitatively in indicating the contemporary understandings of the nature and the philosophy of strategic planning. These understandings based on the contemporary literatures and experts that investigating and personal reflection on the topic, conceptually and theoretically. Once understandings of the nature and the philosophy of strategic planning are formed, it is hoped that, they can be difficult to shake. They take on a paradigmatic quality, which shape our attitudes, way of thinking and philosophy of life strongly, especially the organizations. Of these, this paper comes to sum up that strategic planning, on the one hand, is mostly shaping the organization actions and on the other hand, in some extent, strategic planning is emerging from organizational actions. This is reasonable, because strategic planning bring with treasuries of characteristics or perspectives, which are designing vision, mission, strategic goals, values and principles for the future of the organizations.
Strategic planning: Between Shaping Organization Action and Emerging from Organizational Action
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140203.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-06-17
© Science Publishing Group
Nikolaus Salo, M. Ed
Strategic planning: Between Shaping Organization Action and Emerging from Organizational Action
2
3
86
86
2014-06-17
2014-06-17
10.11648/j.hss.20140203.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140203.15
© Science Publishing Group
Human Resource Management Challenges Facing Local NGOs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.11
Partnership with local NGOs has become an important feature in the development sector. Therefore the management of human resources in local NGOs is crucial as it contributes to the performance and sustainability of the organizations. However many local NGOs face diverse challenges in the area of human resource management. Local NGOs have inadequate HR management procedures in the organization and this affects the employee’s work experiences and overall performance at individual and organizational level. Many local NGOs due to the size of the organization and scope do not have a human resource (HR) unit or a human resource manager and therefore they appoint staff to oversee staff issues who often do not have the required human resource skills and competencies to manage the employees. Another area that is challenging local NGOs is the fact that many depend on donor funds that are tied to funding cycles that are short term in nature. This affects the NGOs human resource capacity in terms of the number and type of staff to recruit and employment duration. The mentorship of management and board members in human resource management could be one way to improve human resource competence in these organizations. This paper seeks to highlight human resource management challenges local NGOs encounter and the importance of considering HRM as a strategic process that can contribute to sustaining an organization’s performance.
Partnership with local NGOs has become an important feature in the development sector. Therefore the management of human resources in local NGOs is crucial as it contributes to the performance and sustainability of the organizations. However many local NGOs face diverse challenges in the area of human resource management. Local NGOs have inadequate HR management procedures in the organization and this affects the employee’s work experiences and overall performance at individual and organizational level. Many local NGOs due to the size of the organization and scope do not have a human resource (HR) unit or a human resource manager and therefore they appoint staff to oversee staff issues who often do not have the required human resource skills and competencies to manage the employees. Another area that is challenging local NGOs is the fact that many depend on donor funds that are tied to funding cycles that are short term in nature. This affects the NGOs human resource capacity in terms of the number and type of staff to recruit and employment duration. The mentorship of management and board members in human resource management could be one way to improve human resource competence in these organizations. This paper seeks to highlight human resource management challenges local NGOs encounter and the importance of considering HRM as a strategic process that can contribute to sustaining an organization’s performance.
Human Resource Management Challenges Facing Local NGOs
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140204.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-06-30
© Science Publishing Group
Rehema C. Batti
Human Resource Management Challenges Facing Local NGOs
2
4
95
95
2014-06-30
2014-06-30
10.11648/j.hss.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Viewers’ Interpretation of the Myth (A Semiotic Analysis of Natural Extract Fiber Brand X Commercials Aired on Televisions from 2009 to 2011)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.12
The purpose of the present study was to look at the extent to which the viewers interpreted the myths constructed from two natural extract fibers Brand X commercials aired on televisions from 2009 to 2011. The selection of the two commercials as the units of analysis was based on two conflicting reasons. On the one hand, the manufacturer claimed that the products were good for consumers’ digestive health; on the other hand, the opponents considered the products as harmful to digestive health. For the purpose of analysis, the theoretical framework of the study combined Roland Barthes’ semiotics with other thoughts such as from Arthur Asa Berger, Barker, Darmaprawira, and Mas Dian on the first level of analysis in order to explore the myths. Subsequently, the analysis used Susanne Langer’s discursive symbolism in order to examine how the myths were interpreted by the viewers. At the methodological level, there was a mix or triangulation, both between literature review and in-depth interview, and between illustrative method and negative sentence method. Through the “two-level” analysis, two kinds of myths were explored from the two different commercials. The first was that natural extract fibers Brand X was better than natural fruits and vegetables in preventing from hemorrhoids. However, when this myth was tested using in-depth interviews, it was interpreted negatively or not trusted by viewers at all. The second was that the second (ordinary and herbal) product was better than natural fruits and vegetables in smoothening defecation, in which when this myth was tested using in-depth interviews; it was trusted by viewers due to the presence of hilarious and comic Ulfa Dwiyanti as the model of the commercial.
The purpose of the present study was to look at the extent to which the viewers interpreted the myths constructed from two natural extract fibers Brand X commercials aired on televisions from 2009 to 2011. The selection of the two commercials as the units of analysis was based on two conflicting reasons. On the one hand, the manufacturer claimed that the products were good for consumers’ digestive health; on the other hand, the opponents considered the products as harmful to digestive health. For the purpose of analysis, the theoretical framework of the study combined Roland Barthes’ semiotics with other thoughts such as from Arthur Asa Berger, Barker, Darmaprawira, and Mas Dian on the first level of analysis in order to explore the myths. Subsequently, the analysis used Susanne Langer’s discursive symbolism in order to examine how the myths were interpreted by the viewers. At the methodological level, there was a mix or triangulation, both between literature review and in-depth interview, and between illustrative method and negative sentence method. Through the “two-level” analysis, two kinds of myths were explored from the two different commercials. The first was that natural extract fibers Brand X was better than natural fruits and vegetables in preventing from hemorrhoids. However, when this myth was tested using in-depth interviews, it was interpreted negatively or not trusted by viewers at all. The second was that the second (ordinary and herbal) product was better than natural fruits and vegetables in smoothening defecation, in which when this myth was tested using in-depth interviews; it was trusted by viewers due to the presence of hilarious and comic Ulfa Dwiyanti as the model of the commercial.
Viewers’ Interpretation of the Myth (A Semiotic Analysis of Natural Extract Fiber Brand X Commercials Aired on Televisions from 2009 to 2011)
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140204.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-07-07
© Science Publishing Group
Muhamad Gibraltar
Viewers’ Interpretation of the Myth (A Semiotic Analysis of Natural Extract Fiber Brand X Commercials Aired on Televisions from 2009 to 2011)
2
4
107
107
2014-07-07
2014-07-07
10.11648/j.hss.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
Research on the Rural Intermediary Organization Network in China: Constructing Subjects Interrelation and Behavior Pattern
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.13
The constructing subjects of the rural intermediary organization mainly includes seven behavior subjects. Under the influence of the factors of economics, politics and society in china, these subjects form a complicated relationship, and they also perform differently in the process of constructing rural intermediary organization network. Research on the interrelation and behavior pattern of constructing subjects can provide support and policy guidance for the construction of a rural intermediary organization network.
The constructing subjects of the rural intermediary organization mainly includes seven behavior subjects. Under the influence of the factors of economics, politics and society in china, these subjects form a complicated relationship, and they also perform differently in the process of constructing rural intermediary organization network. Research on the interrelation and behavior pattern of constructing subjects can provide support and policy guidance for the construction of a rural intermediary organization network.
Research on the Rural Intermediary Organization Network in China: Constructing Subjects Interrelation and Behavior Pattern
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140204.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-07-14
© Science Publishing Group
Shaogang Liao
Ying Pan
Research on the Rural Intermediary Organization Network in China: Constructing Subjects Interrelation and Behavior Pattern
2
4
113
113
2014-07-14
2014-07-14
10.11648/j.hss.20140204.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.13
© Science Publishing Group
Understanding Local Attitudes to the Utilization of Public Infrastructure Services: The Case of Rural Electricity Services in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.14
This paper examines local attitudes to the utilization of public electricity services in rural Nigeria using Akwa Ibom State as a case study. The idea is anchored on the broad theoretical and empirical discourses on the relationship between public infrastructure and development. A wide range of study approaches, including observation and physical monitoring, random and purposive interviews and personal backgrounds of research and development project implementation experiences in the study area, was utilized. Findings showed that electricity coverage for rural areas is not only low, its utilization scope was equally low and limited. This was attributed to poverty, a lack of economic specialization, limited exposure and knowledge of community members to a range of electricity service application channels. It was equally discovered peoples’ attitudes to public electricity services boiled down to the usual attitudes of seeing public infrastructure services as ‘freebies’. Implications on cost recovery and sustainability have been discussed with necessary recommendations.
This paper examines local attitudes to the utilization of public electricity services in rural Nigeria using Akwa Ibom State as a case study. The idea is anchored on the broad theoretical and empirical discourses on the relationship between public infrastructure and development. A wide range of study approaches, including observation and physical monitoring, random and purposive interviews and personal backgrounds of research and development project implementation experiences in the study area, was utilized. Findings showed that electricity coverage for rural areas is not only low, its utilization scope was equally low and limited. This was attributed to poverty, a lack of economic specialization, limited exposure and knowledge of community members to a range of electricity service application channels. It was equally discovered peoples’ attitudes to public electricity services boiled down to the usual attitudes of seeing public infrastructure services as ‘freebies’. Implications on cost recovery and sustainability have been discussed with necessary recommendations.
Understanding Local Attitudes to the Utilization of Public Infrastructure Services: The Case of Rural Electricity Services in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140204.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-08-23
© Science Publishing Group
Nseabasi S. Akpan
Understanding Local Attitudes to the Utilization of Public Infrastructure Services: The Case of Rural Electricity Services in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
2
4
120
120
2014-08-23
2014-08-23
10.11648/j.hss.20140204.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140204.14
© Science Publishing Group
Comparison between Interpretation of Viewers in Cultural and in Industrial Cities on the Myth: A Semiotic Analysis of the Indonesian Action Film The Raid 2: Berandal
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140205.11
In general, this proposal for qualitative research briefly reviews the structure of a research proposal from the beginning (Chapter 1) to the end (Chapter 3). It starts with the achievement made by The Raid 2: Berandal at the international level, which makes it worthy to become the analytical unit, and continues with the objective of this research: starting from digging and analyzing the myth contained in this film, to looking at the emerging interpretation on the myth when viewers watch the film. After that, the first research question is answered by using Roland Barthes’ semiotic logical framework as the “Theoretical Container”, which is integrated with other thoughts such as those of Arthur Asa Berger, Darmaprawira, Mas Dian, Barker, and Mark L. Knapp (first level analysis), continued with Susanne Langer’s thought on Discursive Symbolism (second level analysis) in order to answer the second research question. As the result, in the first level of analysis, the data digging method used is literature-study, continued with in-depth interview.
In general, this proposal for qualitative research briefly reviews the structure of a research proposal from the beginning (Chapter 1) to the end (Chapter 3). It starts with the achievement made by The Raid 2: Berandal at the international level, which makes it worthy to become the analytical unit, and continues with the objective of this research: starting from digging and analyzing the myth contained in this film, to looking at the emerging interpretation on the myth when viewers watch the film. After that, the first research question is answered by using Roland Barthes’ semiotic logical framework as the “Theoretical Container”, which is integrated with other thoughts such as those of Arthur Asa Berger, Darmaprawira, Mas Dian, Barker, and Mark L. Knapp (first level analysis), continued with Susanne Langer’s thought on Discursive Symbolism (second level analysis) in order to answer the second research question. As the result, in the first level of analysis, the data digging method used is literature-study, continued with in-depth interview.
Comparison between Interpretation of Viewers in Cultural and in Industrial Cities on the Myth: A Semiotic Analysis of the Indonesian Action Film The Raid 2: Berandal
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140205.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-09-02
© Science Publishing Group
Muhamad Gibraltar
Comparison between Interpretation of Viewers in Cultural and in Industrial Cities on the Myth: A Semiotic Analysis of the Indonesian Action Film The Raid 2: Berandal
2
5
131
131
2014-09-02
2014-09-02
10.11648/j.hss.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Poverty Incidence in Sri Lanka: Overview, Trends, Challenges and Opportunitie
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140205.12
Poverty is one of the major socioeconomic issues that Sri Lanka has been attempting to tackle in the past six decades. Successive governments of the country have given highest priority to alleviate poverty and to sustain socioeconomic advancement of the country. The aim of this paper is to examine the trends of poverty incidence of the country and to identify the future challenges and opportunities that have opened up for poverty alleviation. The assessment was focused mainly on the income dimension of poverty. Secondary data published by the Department of Census and Statistics based on its Households Income and Expenditure Surveys and the data published by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka were used in the analysis. The data reveals that poverty incidence has shown a gradual declining trend during the past ten-fifteen years. Several factors including economic growth, workers’ remittance, targeted poverty alleviation programs, increasing employment opportunities, improvement of socioeconomic infrastructure can be identified as the causal factors of this progress. Sustaining the declining trend and overcoming the disparity of poverty incidence among geographical locations are key challenges that should be addressed, appropriately. The end of the war the country presents several opportunities to free the country of income poverty.
Poverty is one of the major socioeconomic issues that Sri Lanka has been attempting to tackle in the past six decades. Successive governments of the country have given highest priority to alleviate poverty and to sustain socioeconomic advancement of the country. The aim of this paper is to examine the trends of poverty incidence of the country and to identify the future challenges and opportunities that have opened up for poverty alleviation. The assessment was focused mainly on the income dimension of poverty. Secondary data published by the Department of Census and Statistics based on its Households Income and Expenditure Surveys and the data published by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka were used in the analysis. The data reveals that poverty incidence has shown a gradual declining trend during the past ten-fifteen years. Several factors including economic growth, workers’ remittance, targeted poverty alleviation programs, increasing employment opportunities, improvement of socioeconomic infrastructure can be identified as the causal factors of this progress. Sustaining the declining trend and overcoming the disparity of poverty incidence among geographical locations are key challenges that should be addressed, appropriately. The end of the war the country presents several opportunities to free the country of income poverty.
Poverty Incidence in Sri Lanka: Overview, Trends, Challenges and Opportunitie
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140205.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-09-27
© Science Publishing Group
Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Semasinghe
Poverty Incidence in Sri Lanka: Overview, Trends, Challenges and Opportunitie
2
5
138
138
2014-09-27
2014-09-27
10.11648/j.hss.20140205.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140205.12
© Science Publishing Group
Measures to Improve the Effectiveness of the Training for New Police Officers –With a Focus on Central Police Academy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.11
Training programs for police officers provide necessary knowledge and skills for fulfilling daily tasks. Moreover, the moral aspect of the training instills discipline in the recipients to function as volunteers for the citizens. Therefore, it is the starting point for the new officers to not only achieve their individual goals, but to contribute to the organizational aim. Unfortunately, the training provided at the Central Police Academy (CPA) in South Korea suffers from the overwhelming amount of courses provided to the trainees over a short period of time and an overemphasis on the theoretical aspects of work. In this study, current states of the training in the United Kingdom and the United States are reviewed. A couple of things to note in the US system is that the content of training is becoming more diverse and the training period is being extended. Furthermore, it is a military-style training. A unique characteristic of the UK training is that it has employed the “apprenticeship” system. This study discusses issues with the training for new police officers in South Korea by examining comparable aspects in the United States and the United Kingdom. Extension of training period, practice-oriented education, and benchmarking the apprenticeship-based program in the United Kingdom are suggested. Additionally, assessing individual characteristics thoroughly at the school is recommended in order to increase the overall outcome of the police work.
Training programs for police officers provide necessary knowledge and skills for fulfilling daily tasks. Moreover, the moral aspect of the training instills discipline in the recipients to function as volunteers for the citizens. Therefore, it is the starting point for the new officers to not only achieve their individual goals, but to contribute to the organizational aim. Unfortunately, the training provided at the Central Police Academy (CPA) in South Korea suffers from the overwhelming amount of courses provided to the trainees over a short period of time and an overemphasis on the theoretical aspects of work. In this study, current states of the training in the United Kingdom and the United States are reviewed. A couple of things to note in the US system is that the content of training is becoming more diverse and the training period is being extended. Furthermore, it is a military-style training. A unique characteristic of the UK training is that it has employed the “apprenticeship” system. This study discusses issues with the training for new police officers in South Korea by examining comparable aspects in the United States and the United Kingdom. Extension of training period, practice-oriented education, and benchmarking the apprenticeship-based program in the United Kingdom are suggested. Additionally, assessing individual characteristics thoroughly at the school is recommended in order to increase the overall outcome of the police work.
Measures to Improve the Effectiveness of the Training for New Police Officers –With a Focus on Central Police Academy
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-10-17
© Science Publishing Group
Sungmin Bang
Changho Kim
Measures to Improve the Effectiveness of the Training for New Police Officers –With a Focus on Central Police Academy
2
6
142
142
2014-10-17
2014-10-17
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Semiotic Analysis of the Video Music: “Indonesia Bangkit”: Comparing Audience Interpretation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.13
When the political video clip" Indonesia Bangkit" appeared in the society, it created pros and cons particularly because one of personnel wore a dress like a Nazi uniform. In fact, this polemic makes it very valuable to become the unit of analysis. Furthermore, research objectives of this research proposal is to explore the myth buried in the music video, then, to examine the interpretation of the viewers when watching, and hearing a video music that includes when they see one of the personnel wearing Nazi uniforms. To answer first research question, Roland Barthes semiotic' thinking will be applied as "Theoretical Container" filled with thoughts such as thinking Arthur Asa Berger, Darmaprawira, Mas Dian, Barker, and Mark L. Knapp (First Stage Analysis related to the research objectives first), followed by Susanne Langer's thoughts on "Discursive Symbolism" (second Phase Analysis of research related to the second goal). For the research method, it will be the literature study for the analysis of the first stage, followed by in-depth interviews at the second phase of the analysis. To sum up, it is only the research proposal, and it will not explore findings.
When the political video clip" Indonesia Bangkit" appeared in the society, it created pros and cons particularly because one of personnel wore a dress like a Nazi uniform. In fact, this polemic makes it very valuable to become the unit of analysis. Furthermore, research objectives of this research proposal is to explore the myth buried in the music video, then, to examine the interpretation of the viewers when watching, and hearing a video music that includes when they see one of the personnel wearing Nazi uniforms. To answer first research question, Roland Barthes semiotic' thinking will be applied as "Theoretical Container" filled with thoughts such as thinking Arthur Asa Berger, Darmaprawira, Mas Dian, Barker, and Mark L. Knapp (First Stage Analysis related to the research objectives first), followed by Susanne Langer's thoughts on "Discursive Symbolism" (second Phase Analysis of research related to the second goal). For the research method, it will be the literature study for the analysis of the first stage, followed by in-depth interviews at the second phase of the analysis. To sum up, it is only the research proposal, and it will not explore findings.
A Semiotic Analysis of the Video Music: “Indonesia Bangkit”: Comparing Audience Interpretation
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-10-22
© Science Publishing Group
Muhamad Gibraltar
A Semiotic Analysis of the Video Music: “Indonesia Bangkit”: Comparing Audience Interpretation
2
6
156
156
2014-10-22
2014-10-22
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.13
© Science Publishing Group
Content Analysis of Daily Newspapers in the Eighth and Ninth Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Terms of Books and Reading
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.12
The research purpose is to investigate the publication of articles, reports, and reviews related to the introduction of books, libraries and reading culture in the daily newspapers (i.e. Information, Iran, Islamic Republic and the Citizen) in the eighth and ninth Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of books and reading between 2001and 2009. Newspapers are regarded as one of the most traditional scheduled publications containing news of current events, informative articles and diverse features which are employed as tools to foster public awareness and enhance common knowledge, offering an accurate reflection of social policies, general opinions and widespread interests. Therefore, the authors wanted to investigate whether or not the role of book and reading has been emphasized as major cultural asset along with other important social factors. Results of the data analysis revealed that cultural activities related to the articles and reviews exhibited statistical difference in the eighth and ninth Governments; however, cultural activities related to the introductions and reports in the eighth and ninth governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran didn’t indicate any significant difference. Iran Newspaper with cultural activity (98/54) has surpassed other newspapers in the eighth and ninth governments. Moreover, cultural activities during the Book Week and at the Annual Book Exhibition (November and May) reached significantly higher level compared to other months.
The research purpose is to investigate the publication of articles, reports, and reviews related to the introduction of books, libraries and reading culture in the daily newspapers (i.e. Information, Iran, Islamic Republic and the Citizen) in the eighth and ninth Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of books and reading between 2001and 2009. Newspapers are regarded as one of the most traditional scheduled publications containing news of current events, informative articles and diverse features which are employed as tools to foster public awareness and enhance common knowledge, offering an accurate reflection of social policies, general opinions and widespread interests. Therefore, the authors wanted to investigate whether or not the role of book and reading has been emphasized as major cultural asset along with other important social factors. Results of the data analysis revealed that cultural activities related to the articles and reviews exhibited statistical difference in the eighth and ninth Governments; however, cultural activities related to the introductions and reports in the eighth and ninth governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran didn’t indicate any significant difference. Iran Newspaper with cultural activity (98/54) has surpassed other newspapers in the eighth and ninth governments. Moreover, cultural activities during the Book Week and at the Annual Book Exhibition (November and May) reached significantly higher level compared to other months.
Content Analysis of Daily Newspapers in the Eighth and Ninth Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Terms of Books and Reading
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-08-27
© Science Publishing Group
Batool Rahmani
Fatemeh Noushin Fard
Content Analysis of Daily Newspapers in the Eighth and Ninth Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Terms of Books and Reading
2
6
147
147
2014-08-27
2014-08-27
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
Research Article: Coexistence Relationship between Non-Governmental Organizations and Public Order in China
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.14
In the progress of modernization, it is still a project to be further explored how we can establish an effective and rational public order. Non-governmental organizations are the interactive vehicles that form the part and whole system. Through an analysis of the co-existing relationship between non-governmental and governmental organizations, this study intends to examine the functions that the non-governmental organizations perform in the structuring the social order. Accordingly, we will systemize, institutionalize and structurize the corporate system. Only on the basis of the inscape of the regional social order can we find a pattern that will lead to a generally harmonious one. In this way we can get our ideas into shape how to develop the present Chinese society harmoniously.
In the progress of modernization, it is still a project to be further explored how we can establish an effective and rational public order. Non-governmental organizations are the interactive vehicles that form the part and whole system. Through an analysis of the co-existing relationship between non-governmental and governmental organizations, this study intends to examine the functions that the non-governmental organizations perform in the structuring the social order. Accordingly, we will systemize, institutionalize and structurize the corporate system. Only on the basis of the inscape of the regional social order can we find a pattern that will lead to a generally harmonious one. In this way we can get our ideas into shape how to develop the present Chinese society harmoniously.
Research Article: Coexistence Relationship between Non-Governmental Organizations and Public Order in China
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-10-23
© Science Publishing Group
Qiong Li
Research Article: Coexistence Relationship between Non-Governmental Organizations and Public Order in China
2
6
172
172
2014-10-23
2014-10-23
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.14
© Science Publishing Group
Factors Impeding Political Participation and Representation of Women in Kenya
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.15
The quest for gender equity in Kenya is relevant for effective gender mainstreaming. Women have been marginalized and underrepresented in organs of decision-making and in governance structures of the country since independence. Kenya’s Constitution offers a framework to address this historical marginalization. Even though a number of women have made great strides in politics in the country, women representation is far below the minimum one third public service requirement of Article 27(3) of the Constitution of Kenya. Traditional beliefs, perceptions and stereotypes which depict women as being inferior have tended to militate towards their marginalization. Data on the numbers of elected Parliamentarians (including Senators, Governors and County Representatives) and holders of senior government positions shows that gender equity is still a mirage. Cultural impediments to women’s economic emancipation have also denied them political representation in the Legislature. Kenya has the challenge of identifying and implementing mechanisms – policies and practices - so as to achieve gender equity. Political parties are not keen to try and implement the minimum one third constitutional requirement for their lists of candidates nominated to vie in elections. Advancing the participation of women in devolved governance structures requires serious consideration by putting in place policy measures and interventions that would further this cause since equal gender participation is enshrined in the Constitution. It appears lack of political will is the biggest obstacle in addressing gender imbalance in the country. Thus there is greater need to address gender inequality in political representation and decision making in the country.
The quest for gender equity in Kenya is relevant for effective gender mainstreaming. Women have been marginalized and underrepresented in organs of decision-making and in governance structures of the country since independence. Kenya’s Constitution offers a framework to address this historical marginalization. Even though a number of women have made great strides in politics in the country, women representation is far below the minimum one third public service requirement of Article 27(3) of the Constitution of Kenya. Traditional beliefs, perceptions and stereotypes which depict women as being inferior have tended to militate towards their marginalization. Data on the numbers of elected Parliamentarians (including Senators, Governors and County Representatives) and holders of senior government positions shows that gender equity is still a mirage. Cultural impediments to women’s economic emancipation have also denied them political representation in the Legislature. Kenya has the challenge of identifying and implementing mechanisms – policies and practices - so as to achieve gender equity. Political parties are not keen to try and implement the minimum one third constitutional requirement for their lists of candidates nominated to vie in elections. Advancing the participation of women in devolved governance structures requires serious consideration by putting in place policy measures and interventions that would further this cause since equal gender participation is enshrined in the Constitution. It appears lack of political will is the biggest obstacle in addressing gender imbalance in the country. Thus there is greater need to address gender inequality in political representation and decision making in the country.
Factors Impeding Political Participation and Representation of Women in Kenya
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Douglas Lucas Kivoi
Factors Impeding Political Participation and Representation of Women in Kenya
2
6
181
181
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.15
© Science Publishing Group
Land and Economic Policies of Japan in the Colonial Taiwan Frontier: A Case Study on the Da-Nanao Plain
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.16
After the first Sino- Japanese war in 1895, Japan finally realized possession of Taiwan. As Taiwan was Japan's first overseas colony, Japanese intentions were to turn the island into a "model colony.” In order to more reasonably manage the land, the Japanese authority started to census the plain, forest and wilderness land. According to Japanese survey, about three-quarters of the land were in the hands of Japanese colonialists. Japanese colonial regime conducted its capitalism strategy at these public lands were mostly located in Taiwan frontier , including not only central mountains and its surrounding areas ,but also the Eastern Taiwan. This paper reviews the history of colonialism and further explores political and economic process of regional development on Taiwan frontier. It takes the case of the Da-Nanao plain and discusses how land policy influenced regional development and change during the Japanese colonial era. Apparently, even though such a wilderness frontier also follows the rule that the colony is designed to supply the colonist resources and materials needed.
After the first Sino- Japanese war in 1895, Japan finally realized possession of Taiwan. As Taiwan was Japan's first overseas colony, Japanese intentions were to turn the island into a "model colony.” In order to more reasonably manage the land, the Japanese authority started to census the plain, forest and wilderness land. According to Japanese survey, about three-quarters of the land were in the hands of Japanese colonialists. Japanese colonial regime conducted its capitalism strategy at these public lands were mostly located in Taiwan frontier , including not only central mountains and its surrounding areas ,but also the Eastern Taiwan. This paper reviews the history of colonialism and further explores political and economic process of regional development on Taiwan frontier. It takes the case of the Da-Nanao plain and discusses how land policy influenced regional development and change during the Japanese colonial era. Apparently, even though such a wilderness frontier also follows the rule that the colony is designed to supply the colonist resources and materials needed.
Land and Economic Policies of Japan in the Colonial Taiwan Frontier: A Case Study on the Da-Nanao Plain
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.16
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-11-04
© Science Publishing Group
Huang wenchuan
Land and Economic Policies of Japan in the Colonial Taiwan Frontier: A Case Study on the Da-Nanao Plain
2
6
186
186
2014-11-04
2014-11-04
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.16
© Science Publishing Group
Integration in the Process of National Identity Formation for Growing Citizenship Culture of Chinese Ethnic in Medan City- Indonesia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.18
Indonesian state policies affect the integration and the position of ethnic Chinese identity, one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia. This paper illustrates the factual basis of the perspective of the leaders of ethnic Chinese in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, towards integration in the process of forming national identity in fostering civic culture of post-reformation in the city of Medan. The research data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. Interviews were conducted by purposive, and documentation studies conducted on the sources of primary data and secondary data. Perspective of the ethnic Chinese characters in his reconceptualization of the integration is leading to the selection of "integrated-pluralism", which is seen as a more appropriate policy in the post-reform building integration in the city of Medan. The synergy of ideas, demands and expectations of ethnic Chinese leaders produce a formulation of a national identity that is more fitting for Indonesia in the era of globalization, namely hybrid identity - "Indonesia, which continues to be". This formulation illustrates a fluid and dynamic identity that leads to the identity of a non-racial nationalism, not rigid and static to changes, developments and needs of the times. Integrated-pluralism and identity of the proposed hybrid ethnic Chinese leaders contributed conducively to the growth of civic culture in the post-reform Medan city, especially in growing participant political culture.
Indonesian state policies affect the integration and the position of ethnic Chinese identity, one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia. This paper illustrates the factual basis of the perspective of the leaders of ethnic Chinese in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, towards integration in the process of forming national identity in fostering civic culture of post-reformation in the city of Medan. The research data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. Interviews were conducted by purposive, and documentation studies conducted on the sources of primary data and secondary data. Perspective of the ethnic Chinese characters in his reconceptualization of the integration is leading to the selection of "integrated-pluralism", which is seen as a more appropriate policy in the post-reform building integration in the city of Medan. The synergy of ideas, demands and expectations of ethnic Chinese leaders produce a formulation of a national identity that is more fitting for Indonesia in the era of globalization, namely hybrid identity - "Indonesia, which continues to be". This formulation illustrates a fluid and dynamic identity that leads to the identity of a non-racial nationalism, not rigid and static to changes, developments and needs of the times. Integrated-pluralism and identity of the proposed hybrid ethnic Chinese leaders contributed conducively to the growth of civic culture in the post-reform Medan city, especially in growing participant political culture.
Integration in the Process of National Identity Formation for Growing Citizenship Culture of Chinese Ethnic in Medan City- Indonesia
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.18
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-12-05
© Science Publishing Group
Deny Setiawan
Integration in the Process of National Identity Formation for Growing Citizenship Culture of Chinese Ethnic in Medan City- Indonesia
2
6
205
205
2014-12-05
2014-12-05
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.18
© Science Publishing Group
Private Property and Gender Relationship in Select African Novels
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.17
The economic system and society conspire to oppress the female, since it is the socialization process that defines the worth of the individual in society. The exclusive control of private property and ownership of tools of labour by patriarchy perpetuates the continuous gender war as seen in select African novels. Private property gives rise to economic inequality, dependence, political and domestic struggle between the sexes. Private property and gender relationship in select African novels is examined through the Feminist theory with particular reference to Marxist Feminist theory, Stiwanism and Motherism. Feminist writers argue that women’s subordination is not as a result of their biological disposition but of social relations, so, they set out to institute the female presence through private property ownership and the women’s contributions to the social, business, political and educational spheres of their nations. Some authors celebrate the intellectual and spiritual powers in the females to redeem mankind. These dynamo women revolt against taboos and other anti-socio-cultural practices that tend to undermine them and establish themselves in wide spread virtues that are beneficial to humanity. The paper establishes that ownership of private property by the women gives rise to gender relationship, economic, social and political equality since private property has hither to, being the bane of patriarchal stronghold.
The economic system and society conspire to oppress the female, since it is the socialization process that defines the worth of the individual in society. The exclusive control of private property and ownership of tools of labour by patriarchy perpetuates the continuous gender war as seen in select African novels. Private property gives rise to economic inequality, dependence, political and domestic struggle between the sexes. Private property and gender relationship in select African novels is examined through the Feminist theory with particular reference to Marxist Feminist theory, Stiwanism and Motherism. Feminist writers argue that women’s subordination is not as a result of their biological disposition but of social relations, so, they set out to institute the female presence through private property ownership and the women’s contributions to the social, business, political and educational spheres of their nations. Some authors celebrate the intellectual and spiritual powers in the females to redeem mankind. These dynamo women revolt against taboos and other anti-socio-cultural practices that tend to undermine them and establish themselves in wide spread virtues that are beneficial to humanity. The paper establishes that ownership of private property by the women gives rise to gender relationship, economic, social and political equality since private property has hither to, being the bane of patriarchal stronghold.
Private Property and Gender Relationship in Select African Novels
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.17
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-12-05
© Science Publishing Group
Emmanuel Ima Usen
Private Property and Gender Relationship in Select African Novels
2
6
194
194
2014-12-05
2014-12-05
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.17
© Science Publishing Group
“Citizen Criminology”: An Example from a (Very) Strange Italy-Vatican Case
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.19
In this article some actions performed in Italy by myself and by another people are described. These actions have been made to investigate a very famous Italian-Vatican case. In these investigations techniques and tools as DNA analysis or geosonar typical of scientific researches have been used or could be used. This behavior can be set inside so called “citizen science “a new way to make researches such as common people aren't only a receiver of scientific culture by specialists but he) she begins an “actor “to create scientific culture. In article citizen science is described with reference to a famous example after there is a schematic (for reasons of privacy) description of action more some conclusive remarks.
In this article some actions performed in Italy by myself and by another people are described. These actions have been made to investigate a very famous Italian-Vatican case. In these investigations techniques and tools as DNA analysis or geosonar typical of scientific researches have been used or could be used. This behavior can be set inside so called “citizen science “a new way to make researches such as common people aren't only a receiver of scientific culture by specialists but he) she begins an “actor “to create scientific culture. In article citizen science is described with reference to a famous example after there is a schematic (for reasons of privacy) description of action more some conclusive remarks.
“Citizen Criminology”: An Example from a (Very) Strange Italy-Vatican Case
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.19
Humanities and Social Sciences
2014-12-26
© Science Publishing Group
Carlo Artemi
“Citizen Criminology”: An Example from a (Very) Strange Italy-Vatican Case
2
6
210
210
2014-12-26
2014-12-26
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.19
© Science Publishing Group
Illicit Crops in Brazil. The Rural Workers between Income and the Exploitation of Drug Trafficking
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.20
The aim of this article is to analyze the cultivation of cannabis in the Vale do Sao Francisco, in north-eastern Brazil, the largest producer in the country. It also seeks to identify the main actors involved in cultivation, their interrelations, and to discuss how cannabis cultivation was established as an alternative to a much needed agricultural policy in the region and hierarchical and authoritarian relations in the local bossism. The cultivation of cannabis is placed in a context in which illicit growth is constituted and institutionalized as a complementary economy to licit cultivation.
The aim of this article is to analyze the cultivation of cannabis in the Vale do Sao Francisco, in north-eastern Brazil, the largest producer in the country. It also seeks to identify the main actors involved in cultivation, their interrelations, and to discuss how cannabis cultivation was established as an alternative to a much needed agricultural policy in the region and hierarchical and authoritarian relations in the local bossism. The cultivation of cannabis is placed in a context in which illicit growth is constituted and institutionalized as a complementary economy to licit cultivation.
Illicit Crops in Brazil. The Rural Workers between Income and the Exploitation of Drug Trafficking
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20140206.20
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-01-19
© Science Publishing Group
Paulo Cesar Pontes Fraga
Illicit Crops in Brazil. The Rural Workers between Income and the Exploitation of Drug Trafficking
2
6
222
222
2015-01-19
2015-01-19
10.11648/j.hss.20140206.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20140206.20
© Science Publishing Group
The Perception of Religious Institutions on the Freedom of Expression and the Broadcasting Proclamation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.11
This study investigated the perception of religious organizations on the freedom of expression - Article 29 (2) and the broadcasting proclamation No. 533 Article 23/2007 in focus. The researcher employed qualitative methodology with individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions as data gathering tools. The theoretical framework employed was political economy theory of mass communication. Despite the fact that the Freedom of the Press has been granted as per Article 29 sub article 2 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Broadcasting Authority has not allowed religious institutions to own broadcast stations for religious purposes. This research is designed to address the issue of this phenomenon, that is, the religious institutions have not been able to secure the permission to broadcast as per the provisions of the Constitution. Two core points raised on the perception of religious organizations on freedom of expression Article 29 sub article 2 and the broadcasting proclamation No. 533 Article 23/2007. The side of the religious leaders argued that they didn’t observe the two articles as adversaries, “though the proclamation seems contradictory to that of the constitutional right given, religion is Parisian and if it is allowed there may be accusing one to the other. Thus, since it is done for the safety of the nation and for the peaceful coexistence of the general public, they didn’t oppose the restriction that is similar to the government reasons. While, with significant exceptions of the practitioners in the religious institutions on the other hand; argued that the main objective of religion is to promote positive values to the society, why it is considered as a threat. And they oppose on the blanket prohibition as it is a barrier for the right to the freedom of religious broadcasting.
This study investigated the perception of religious organizations on the freedom of expression - Article 29 (2) and the broadcasting proclamation No. 533 Article 23/2007 in focus. The researcher employed qualitative methodology with individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions as data gathering tools. The theoretical framework employed was political economy theory of mass communication. Despite the fact that the Freedom of the Press has been granted as per Article 29 sub article 2 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Broadcasting Authority has not allowed religious institutions to own broadcast stations for religious purposes. This research is designed to address the issue of this phenomenon, that is, the religious institutions have not been able to secure the permission to broadcast as per the provisions of the Constitution. Two core points raised on the perception of religious organizations on freedom of expression Article 29 sub article 2 and the broadcasting proclamation No. 533 Article 23/2007. The side of the religious leaders argued that they didn’t observe the two articles as adversaries, “though the proclamation seems contradictory to that of the constitutional right given, religion is Parisian and if it is allowed there may be accusing one to the other. Thus, since it is done for the safety of the nation and for the peaceful coexistence of the general public, they didn’t oppose the restriction that is similar to the government reasons. While, with significant exceptions of the practitioners in the religious institutions on the other hand; argued that the main objective of religion is to promote positive values to the society, why it is considered as a threat. And they oppose on the blanket prohibition as it is a barrier for the right to the freedom of religious broadcasting.
The Perception of Religious Institutions on the Freedom of Expression and the Broadcasting Proclamation
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150301.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-01-19
© Science Publishing Group
Gebru Kahsay Kiflu
The Perception of Religious Institutions on the Freedom of Expression and the Broadcasting Proclamation
3
1
17
17
2015-01-19
2015-01-19
10.11648/j.hss.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Selecting-Dismantling-Assembling (Javanese Culture Artifact Values in Modern Lifestyle)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.12
The traditional Javanese house owns reassembling wooden structure, which is done by dismantling and reestablishing it. It suits the philosophy of the Javanese family structure that a married child should settle in a new house. By detaching a part of the parents’ house and reassembling it in a new location and be used by the child. This value of strong family bonding is presented in the traditional Javanese wooden house design. To bring out the Javanese house into the modern day lifestyle society, De Desa villa uses the Javanese building concept however with modern functionality. De Desa villa is chosen as a study case for having typical characteristics. Identification the background of its emergence is associated with the owner’s background. Which is done by interviews. Photo documentation and field observation are done to obtain physical data. The analysis is done by linking theory, physical data and interviews. The set up process of Javanese traditional house: selecting – dismantling – assembling are the main activities in realizing traditional artifact. Values and meanings are constantly present in each step of the process. Its function as a villa is expected to be appealing to the modern day lifestyle society. As explained by Rapopport (1998) that tradition does not insist to be fully accepted nor rejected. Appreciating traditional artifact does not oblique to accept the social system that it carries. It is also not necessary to reject to its value system.
The traditional Javanese house owns reassembling wooden structure, which is done by dismantling and reestablishing it. It suits the philosophy of the Javanese family structure that a married child should settle in a new house. By detaching a part of the parents’ house and reassembling it in a new location and be used by the child. This value of strong family bonding is presented in the traditional Javanese wooden house design. To bring out the Javanese house into the modern day lifestyle society, De Desa villa uses the Javanese building concept however with modern functionality. De Desa villa is chosen as a study case for having typical characteristics. Identification the background of its emergence is associated with the owner’s background. Which is done by interviews. Photo documentation and field observation are done to obtain physical data. The analysis is done by linking theory, physical data and interviews. The set up process of Javanese traditional house: selecting – dismantling – assembling are the main activities in realizing traditional artifact. Values and meanings are constantly present in each step of the process. Its function as a villa is expected to be appealing to the modern day lifestyle society. As explained by Rapopport (1998) that tradition does not insist to be fully accepted nor rejected. Appreciating traditional artifact does not oblique to accept the social system that it carries. It is also not necessary to reject to its value system.
Selecting-Dismantling-Assembling (Javanese Culture Artifact Values in Modern Lifestyle)
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150301.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-01-20
© Science Publishing Group
Susy Budi Astuti
Muhammad Faqih
Arina Hayati
Selecting-Dismantling-Assembling (Javanese Culture Artifact Values in Modern Lifestyle)
3
1
26
26
2015-01-20
2015-01-20
10.11648/j.hss.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles: The Citizen’s Home and the Empire’s Capital
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.13
The Athens Acropolis is the public space for Athens democracy and the center of Athenian Empire. Her main buildings were built in the age of Pericles. Built as a gods’ living place, acropolis also bore the strong sense of history and humanism, which expressed the Athens’ citizens’ joy and empire’s inclusiveness. The acropolis was built by the citizens, while the building fund came from empire’s alliance. The acropolis took the multiple public functions: sacrifice, keeping the archives, treasury and public moralization.
The Athens Acropolis is the public space for Athens democracy and the center of Athenian Empire. Her main buildings were built in the age of Pericles. Built as a gods’ living place, acropolis also bore the strong sense of history and humanism, which expressed the Athens’ citizens’ joy and empire’s inclusiveness. The acropolis was built by the citizens, while the building fund came from empire’s alliance. The acropolis took the multiple public functions: sacrifice, keeping the archives, treasury and public moralization.
The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles: The Citizen’s Home and the Empire’s Capital
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150301.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-01-26
© Science Publishing Group
Hong Zheng
The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles: The Citizen’s Home and the Empire’s Capital
3
1
31
31
2015-01-26
2015-01-26
10.11648/j.hss.20150301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.13
© Science Publishing Group
Night Market: A Platform for Creating New Entrepreneurs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.14
This paper will discuss an opportunities to venture into night market business especially to the beginner or young entrepreneur. Despite of been quoted by many scholars, among the barriers to enter into new business is capital or investment constraint. The night market or `pasar malam’ was an option to change perception of requirement sufficient capital investment, time and location of business, thus enabling a significant segment of Malaysian society, especially those in the lower income group and youngsters, to involve in business. The night market will expose to the tough environment of business and consequently gain them invaluable experience in running a business. This exploratory study will describe the prospect of the night markets in business environment and also the main intention of the researcher to highlight the profitability (in terms of sales) of the night market activities.
This paper will discuss an opportunities to venture into night market business especially to the beginner or young entrepreneur. Despite of been quoted by many scholars, among the barriers to enter into new business is capital or investment constraint. The night market or `pasar malam’ was an option to change perception of requirement sufficient capital investment, time and location of business, thus enabling a significant segment of Malaysian society, especially those in the lower income group and youngsters, to involve in business. The night market will expose to the tough environment of business and consequently gain them invaluable experience in running a business. This exploratory study will describe the prospect of the night markets in business environment and also the main intention of the researcher to highlight the profitability (in terms of sales) of the night market activities.
Night Market: A Platform for Creating New Entrepreneurs
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150301.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-01-30
© Science Publishing Group
Othman Chin
Mohd Zainal Munshid Bin Harun
Night Market: A Platform for Creating New Entrepreneurs
3
1
36
36
2015-01-30
2015-01-30
10.11648/j.hss.20150301.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.14
© Science Publishing Group
Setting Transformation and the Meaning of Residence in Sentani’s Tribe Tradition
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.15
Architecture in Indonesia acquires various forms and technology tradition which reflects a variety of cultures and the richness of history inheritance. One of conventional architecture is traditional residence. Every culture in Indonesia has its own characteristic and it is uniquely established based the identity of each tribe in Indonesia. An anthropologist, Roxana Waterson (1991), said that the various traditional residences, generally in South east Asia and especially in Indonesia, obtained the identity and the uniqueness of Indonesian culture. Moreover, they are connected with the same philosophy. They have various forms and affluent of traditional architecture. According to Rapoport (1969), traditional architecture was a masterpiece which always attempted to adapt with its upbringing and tradition based on the belief within. Rapoport also added that the residentials and houses were established domain of communication and the characteristic of cultural expression. Thus, the community could articulate their culture background, religion, social structure and social connection among the people. This study was aimed to find the transformation in meaning on traditional residence of Sentani tribe in Danau Sentani. The research was qualitative study by interpreting and representing current or continuing situation. Moreover, this research focused on case study on residential by Sentani lake, especially the residence of the chief of New Doyo tribe. The findings of this study were the remaining and the transformation purpose of traditional residence. The Qualitative methods were used to find the meaning and search for the settings-changed of the room, ornaments, and the structure of the house in a traditional home Sentani tribe in Papua province, Indonesian. The traditional residence still maintained the room setting and symbolic culture inside which furnished the family meaning and aspect and the community tradition. Furthermore, based on the community system, there was fixed-feature element of separate room between man and woman. Then, there were semi-fixed-feature element and transformation aspect in the interior and the material construction for the house. For the transformation of interior, there were few different settings in the residence applied, such as: particular room for boys and the entrance that was adjoined man’s and woman’s room. This adaptation confirmed gender issue on how the man respected the woman in Sentani’s tribe tradition.
Architecture in Indonesia acquires various forms and technology tradition which reflects a variety of cultures and the richness of history inheritance. One of conventional architecture is traditional residence. Every culture in Indonesia has its own characteristic and it is uniquely established based the identity of each tribe in Indonesia. An anthropologist, Roxana Waterson (1991), said that the various traditional residences, generally in South east Asia and especially in Indonesia, obtained the identity and the uniqueness of Indonesian culture. Moreover, they are connected with the same philosophy. They have various forms and affluent of traditional architecture. According to Rapoport (1969), traditional architecture was a masterpiece which always attempted to adapt with its upbringing and tradition based on the belief within. Rapoport also added that the residentials and houses were established domain of communication and the characteristic of cultural expression. Thus, the community could articulate their culture background, religion, social structure and social connection among the people. This study was aimed to find the transformation in meaning on traditional residence of Sentani tribe in Danau Sentani. The research was qualitative study by interpreting and representing current or continuing situation. Moreover, this research focused on case study on residential by Sentani lake, especially the residence of the chief of New Doyo tribe. The findings of this study were the remaining and the transformation purpose of traditional residence. The Qualitative methods were used to find the meaning and search for the settings-changed of the room, ornaments, and the structure of the house in a traditional home Sentani tribe in Papua province, Indonesian. The traditional residence still maintained the room setting and symbolic culture inside which furnished the family meaning and aspect and the community tradition. Furthermore, based on the community system, there was fixed-feature element of separate room between man and woman. Then, there were semi-fixed-feature element and transformation aspect in the interior and the material construction for the house. For the transformation of interior, there were few different settings in the residence applied, such as: particular room for boys and the entrance that was adjoined man’s and woman’s room. This adaptation confirmed gender issue on how the man respected the woman in Sentani’s tribe tradition.
Setting Transformation and the Meaning of Residence in Sentani’s Tribe Tradition
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150301.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-02-03
© Science Publishing Group
Deasy Widyastomo
M. Faqih
Arina H.
Setting Transformation and the Meaning of Residence in Sentani’s Tribe Tradition
3
1
46
46
2015-02-03
2015-02-03
10.11648/j.hss.20150301.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.15
© Science Publishing Group
Human Factors and Child’s Safety: A Review of Charitable Children’s Institutions in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.16
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence human factors of Charitable Children’s Institutions on child safety in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya. The objectives of this study were, to examine the extent to which staff competency and staff commitment in a charitable children’s institution influence their safety, to assess how staff competencies in charitable children’s institutions influence child safety. This study was conducted through descriptive survey design methodology. It employed stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The main tools for collecting data included questionnaires, and interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and findings presented in tables. Key findings of the study indicate that Charitable Children’s Institutions in Kisumu Municipality are able to provide the children with meals at least three times a day though some lack health and nutrition programs. Most have not fully embraced children’s rights specifically on the right of participation. Their children have diminished opportunities for their psychosocial needs to be met and are not prepared to cope with disasters like fire. The majority of the children were happy with the services they receive from the staff who were widely experienced in their work. However professional staff in all areas of service is missing in these institutions. Some institutional policy statements that were meant to protect the wellbeing of the children were taken for granted by staff and management. Psychosocial needs of the children should be addressed by providing opportunities for quality interaction among the children and with professional children workers. Disaster preparedness plan that include practical drills with the children must be in place. Staffs must be adequate, competent and experienced.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence human factors of Charitable Children’s Institutions on child safety in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya. The objectives of this study were, to examine the extent to which staff competency and staff commitment in a charitable children’s institution influence their safety, to assess how staff competencies in charitable children’s institutions influence child safety. This study was conducted through descriptive survey design methodology. It employed stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The main tools for collecting data included questionnaires, and interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and findings presented in tables. Key findings of the study indicate that Charitable Children’s Institutions in Kisumu Municipality are able to provide the children with meals at least three times a day though some lack health and nutrition programs. Most have not fully embraced children’s rights specifically on the right of participation. Their children have diminished opportunities for their psychosocial needs to be met and are not prepared to cope with disasters like fire. The majority of the children were happy with the services they receive from the staff who were widely experienced in their work. However professional staff in all areas of service is missing in these institutions. Some institutional policy statements that were meant to protect the wellbeing of the children were taken for granted by staff and management. Psychosocial needs of the children should be addressed by providing opportunities for quality interaction among the children and with professional children workers. Disaster preparedness plan that include practical drills with the children must be in place. Staffs must be adequate, competent and experienced.
Human Factors and Child’s Safety: A Review of Charitable Children’s Institutions in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150301.16
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-02-06
© Science Publishing Group
John Okello Weda
Anne Wambui Mwangi
Human Factors and Child’s Safety: A Review of Charitable Children’s Institutions in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya
3
1
56
56
2015-02-06
2015-02-06
10.11648/j.hss.20150301.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150301.16
© Science Publishing Group
Recommendations of Ads Text (Writing and Visual) that Can Break the Myth: A Lot of Luck of Having Many Children in Indonesia: The Combination Between Semiotic and Sociological Analysis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.11
The Purpose of this study was to design the advertisement consists of the counter myth: A lot of Luck of having only two children (Hanya Mempunyai Dua Anak, Banyak Rejeki) that able to break the “Myth”: A lot of luck of having many children (Banyak anak, banyak rejeki) in Indonesia. Moreover, this ads must contain the counter myth: A lot of luck of having two children (Dua Anak, Banyak Rejeki). Afterwards, the myth was transformed into writing and view text using the concept of new poetry, and figure of speech (comparison, and confirmation). Also, the myth was treated into the visual text using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes, combined with other theoretical frameworks such as The Concreteness of Signifier and Signified, Camera Movement (Arthur Asa Berger), Barker (Color Theories), Darmaprawira and Mas Dian (Local Color Theories), and Mark L. Knapp (Nonverbal Communication). Moreover, There are two kinds of findings at this applied research: the first finding is about the new poetry for the writing ad text, composed by the several figure of speeches, such as: Hyperbole, Anthropomorphism, Personification, Metonymy, and Repetition, and the thought from C. Wright Mills of The Sociological Imagination. Then, the poetry will be equipped with the sixteen scenes (including the recommended duration of time) of visual texts, equipped with the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes, and (again) the Sociological Imagination of C. Wright Mills.
The Purpose of this study was to design the advertisement consists of the counter myth: A lot of Luck of having only two children (Hanya Mempunyai Dua Anak, Banyak Rejeki) that able to break the “Myth”: A lot of luck of having many children (Banyak anak, banyak rejeki) in Indonesia. Moreover, this ads must contain the counter myth: A lot of luck of having two children (Dua Anak, Banyak Rejeki). Afterwards, the myth was transformed into writing and view text using the concept of new poetry, and figure of speech (comparison, and confirmation). Also, the myth was treated into the visual text using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes, combined with other theoretical frameworks such as The Concreteness of Signifier and Signified, Camera Movement (Arthur Asa Berger), Barker (Color Theories), Darmaprawira and Mas Dian (Local Color Theories), and Mark L. Knapp (Nonverbal Communication). Moreover, There are two kinds of findings at this applied research: the first finding is about the new poetry for the writing ad text, composed by the several figure of speeches, such as: Hyperbole, Anthropomorphism, Personification, Metonymy, and Repetition, and the thought from C. Wright Mills of The Sociological Imagination. Then, the poetry will be equipped with the sixteen scenes (including the recommended duration of time) of visual texts, equipped with the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes, and (again) the Sociological Imagination of C. Wright Mills.
Recommendations of Ads Text (Writing and Visual) that Can Break the Myth: A Lot of Luck of Having Many Children in Indonesia: The Combination Between Semiotic and Sociological Analysis
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150302.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-02-13
© Science Publishing Group
Muhamad Gibraltar M.Si
Recommendations of Ads Text (Writing and Visual) that Can Break the Myth: A Lot of Luck of Having Many Children in Indonesia: The Combination Between Semiotic and Sociological Analysis
3
2
74
74
2015-02-13
2015-02-13
10.11648/j.hss.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Human Rights in Ethiopia: An Assessment on the Law and Practice of Women’s Rights
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.13
Historically, women had been subjected to serious marginalization in the male dominated patriarchal society. Discriminatory and stereotyped cultural practices accompanied by weak legal frameworks had a significant place in the women’s suffer. The current regime of Ethiopia has been aggressively working in the revision and enactment of several laws and policies so as to ensure the protection of the rights of women. Nevertheless, the change brought has not been satisfactory. The deeply rooted stereotype perception and bad cultural practices remained to pose challenges in the protection and promotion of women’s rights. Besides, lack of uniformity among family laws of the country continues to contribute for the domination of women. Moreover, lack of capacity of women’s institutional machineries has also contributed to the prevailing problems. Thus, though the laws of the country are informed by the principle of gender equality women are still subject to serious violations of their rights. The study, therefore, calls for strong commitment of the government in the practical implementation of women’s rights, to modify such bad culture to be friendly with women’s rights and to build the capacity of women’s institutional machineries.
Historically, women had been subjected to serious marginalization in the male dominated patriarchal society. Discriminatory and stereotyped cultural practices accompanied by weak legal frameworks had a significant place in the women’s suffer. The current regime of Ethiopia has been aggressively working in the revision and enactment of several laws and policies so as to ensure the protection of the rights of women. Nevertheless, the change brought has not been satisfactory. The deeply rooted stereotype perception and bad cultural practices remained to pose challenges in the protection and promotion of women’s rights. Besides, lack of uniformity among family laws of the country continues to contribute for the domination of women. Moreover, lack of capacity of women’s institutional machineries has also contributed to the prevailing problems. Thus, though the laws of the country are informed by the principle of gender equality women are still subject to serious violations of their rights. The study, therefore, calls for strong commitment of the government in the practical implementation of women’s rights, to modify such bad culture to be friendly with women’s rights and to build the capacity of women’s institutional machineries.
Human Rights in Ethiopia: An Assessment on the Law and Practice of Women’s Rights
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150302.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-03-02
© Science Publishing Group
Endalcachew Bayeh
Human Rights in Ethiopia: An Assessment on the Law and Practice of Women’s Rights
3
2
87
87
2015-03-02
2015-03-02
10.11648/j.hss.20150302.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.13
© Science Publishing Group
An Assessment of Ramp Designs as Barrier-Free Accesses in Public Buildings in Abuja, Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.12
Increasingly, concerns about the need to improve the level of accessibility of buildings for the aged and the physically challenged in the built environment especially in public buildings have been raised. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of ramp designs in the Federal Capital Territory Area of Abuja, Nigeria. An adaptive survey was deployed to selected public buildings to generate recommendations for change and improvement. The findings indicate that there are several shortcomings associated with ramp characteristics, landing and handrail provisions in the public buildings studied. The study recommends redesigning of existing ramps to achieve desired standards, and the adherence of prospective designs to desired needs of users to ensure ease of accessibility within the built environment. When implemented, it will eventually allow the elderly and physically challenged move easily, safely and enjoy the great variety of opportunities and experiences existing in the City.
Increasingly, concerns about the need to improve the level of accessibility of buildings for the aged and the physically challenged in the built environment especially in public buildings have been raised. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of ramp designs in the Federal Capital Territory Area of Abuja, Nigeria. An adaptive survey was deployed to selected public buildings to generate recommendations for change and improvement. The findings indicate that there are several shortcomings associated with ramp characteristics, landing and handrail provisions in the public buildings studied. The study recommends redesigning of existing ramps to achieve desired standards, and the adherence of prospective designs to desired needs of users to ensure ease of accessibility within the built environment. When implemented, it will eventually allow the elderly and physically challenged move easily, safely and enjoy the great variety of opportunities and experiences existing in the City.
An Assessment of Ramp Designs as Barrier-Free Accesses in Public Buildings in Abuja, Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150302.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-03-02
© Science Publishing Group
Anunobi Anthony Ikechukwu
Adedayo Olatunde Folaranmi
Ayuba Philip
Oyetola Stephen Ayodele
Otijele Godwin Omachoko
An Assessment of Ramp Designs as Barrier-Free Accesses in Public Buildings in Abuja, Nigeria
3
2
82
82
2015-03-02
2015-03-02
10.11648/j.hss.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
On Bridging the Gap in the Sexual Behavior of the Sexes: The Mediating Role of Culture/Environment
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.14
Sexuality is an important component of human life given its implication for sexual satisfaction, reproduction, egalitarianism and the continuity of the human race. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on cultural sex-role prescriptions for male control and female deference particularly in the Nigerian literature, and to demonstrate the implication of such for relationship satisfaction, sexually transmitted infections and egalitarianism, and the building of a virile society. In this article, we emphasize the socio-cultural specifics of the Nigerian society and its role in perpetuating power imbalance, sexual inequality and sexual in-expression between men and women.
Sexuality is an important component of human life given its implication for sexual satisfaction, reproduction, egalitarianism and the continuity of the human race. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on cultural sex-role prescriptions for male control and female deference particularly in the Nigerian literature, and to demonstrate the implication of such for relationship satisfaction, sexually transmitted infections and egalitarianism, and the building of a virile society. In this article, we emphasize the socio-cultural specifics of the Nigerian society and its role in perpetuating power imbalance, sexual inequality and sexual in-expression between men and women.
On Bridging the Gap in the Sexual Behavior of the Sexes: The Mediating Role of Culture/Environment
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150302.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-03-04
© Science Publishing Group
Adedeji Julius Ogunleye
Tosin Tunrayo Olonisakin
Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo
On Bridging the Gap in the Sexual Behavior of the Sexes: The Mediating Role of Culture/Environment
3
2
95
95
2015-03-04
2015-03-04
10.11648/j.hss.20150302.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Ethio-Eritrean Post-War Stalemate: An Assessment on the Causes and Prospects
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.15
The people of Eritrea declared their formal independence from Ethiopia after majority of its populations voted in favor of separation in the 1993 referendum. Since the secession, governments of the two countries forged cordial relations and concluded different agreements to regulate their bilateral relations. However, the alliances formed and agreements signed were far from promising and short lived. The various divergences observed in socio-economic and political fields bedeviled their relations which later led for an all-out war of the 1998-2000. Though the war was ended with signing of the Algiers Agreement in 2000, the relations between the two countries for the last fourteen years remained hostile and at the core of the two countries’ hostility is border issue that moved the two countries into different infringes. This piece of paper attempts to uncover the factors accompanying the Ethio-Eritrean post-war impasses and the future prospects.
The people of Eritrea declared their formal independence from Ethiopia after majority of its populations voted in favor of separation in the 1993 referendum. Since the secession, governments of the two countries forged cordial relations and concluded different agreements to regulate their bilateral relations. However, the alliances formed and agreements signed were far from promising and short lived. The various divergences observed in socio-economic and political fields bedeviled their relations which later led for an all-out war of the 1998-2000. Though the war was ended with signing of the Algiers Agreement in 2000, the relations between the two countries for the last fourteen years remained hostile and at the core of the two countries’ hostility is border issue that moved the two countries into different infringes. This piece of paper attempts to uncover the factors accompanying the Ethio-Eritrean post-war impasses and the future prospects.
The Ethio-Eritrean Post-War Stalemate: An Assessment on the Causes and Prospects
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150302.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-03-13
© Science Publishing Group
Kidanu Atinafu
Endalcachew Bayeh
The Ethio-Eritrean Post-War Stalemate: An Assessment on the Causes and Prospects
3
2
101
101
2015-03-13
2015-03-13
10.11648/j.hss.20150302.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150302.15
© Science Publishing Group
Settlement Renewal Strategies Based on Physical and Non-Physical Characteristics in Kalisari Fishermen Settlement, Surabaya-Indonesia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150303.11
Surabaya is developed to function as the nation’s center of development for the main area C, covering areas in the east and north of Indonesia, as the nation’s target for development in escalating the society’s living standards, enhancement in city development in the fields of industry, trading, maritime, garrison, and tourism. With the development goals directed towards the availability of work, homestead, kinship, pleasure and education. Surabaya must prepare means and facilities to support Surabaya as a metropolitan and maritime city, however due to the rural circumstance characteristics, it is time for Surabaya to step in (to integrate between urban and rural) to be the second largest city after Jakarta.The scope the study in this research is identification that is conducted in a fisherman’s settlement in the area of Kalisari Mulyorejo, Surabaya. The identification covers physical and non-physical aspects of location of the area, area’s position, structure and city plan and its surroundings, the environment and buildings’ condition, land use, the availability of infrastructure and means, inhabitants’ characteristics covering demography, social economic and culture condition.The reseach method is conducted by inventory of data, using the observation technique, interview, documentation; moreover visual observation (primary data/ physical aspect, economy, social, culture from respondents dan secondary data are obtained from supporting literatures); by solving area’s space planning technique by managing the city’s and shore potential where the fishermen’s settlement lies in between. The use of theory is related to the fishermen’s settlement, sense of place dan new urbanism, because the area of fishermen’s settlement is located between the city and shore.Result of the research is a strategy concept in efforts to renewal the fishermen’s settlement in Kalisari Surabaya based on physical and non-physical characteristics.
Surabaya is developed to function as the nation’s center of development for the main area C, covering areas in the east and north of Indonesia, as the nation’s target for development in escalating the society’s living standards, enhancement in city development in the fields of industry, trading, maritime, garrison, and tourism. With the development goals directed towards the availability of work, homestead, kinship, pleasure and education. Surabaya must prepare means and facilities to support Surabaya as a metropolitan and maritime city, however due to the rural circumstance characteristics, it is time for Surabaya to step in (to integrate between urban and rural) to be the second largest city after Jakarta.The scope the study in this research is identification that is conducted in a fisherman’s settlement in the area of Kalisari Mulyorejo, Surabaya. The identification covers physical and non-physical aspects of location of the area, area’s position, structure and city plan and its surroundings, the environment and buildings’ condition, land use, the availability of infrastructure and means, inhabitants’ characteristics covering demography, social economic and culture condition.The reseach method is conducted by inventory of data, using the observation technique, interview, documentation; moreover visual observation (primary data/ physical aspect, economy, social, culture from respondents dan secondary data are obtained from supporting literatures); by solving area’s space planning technique by managing the city’s and shore potential where the fishermen’s settlement lies in between. The use of theory is related to the fishermen’s settlement, sense of place dan new urbanism, because the area of fishermen’s settlement is located between the city and shore.Result of the research is a strategy concept in efforts to renewal the fishermen’s settlement in Kalisari Surabaya based on physical and non-physical characteristics.
Settlement Renewal Strategies Based on Physical and Non-Physical Characteristics in Kalisari Fishermen Settlement, Surabaya-Indonesia
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150303.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-06-16
© Science Publishing Group
Dahliani
Susy Budi Astuti
Ratna Darmiwati
Happy Ratna Sumartinah
Johan Silas
Settlement Renewal Strategies Based on Physical and Non-Physical Characteristics in Kalisari Fishermen Settlement, Surabaya-Indonesia
3
3
110
110
2015-06-16
2015-06-16
10.11648/j.hss.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
Impacts of Western Popular Culture on Youths in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150303.12
Background: With the expansion of technological progress in mass communication, consuming western popular culture has come to be a valuable activity for youths. The objective of this study was to examine youth's exposure to the western media and cultural products and the potential consequence of this exposure. Methods: School-based “sample survey design” were employed in Hawassa city from 1 April to 1 May, 2012. A total of 125 sample were included in the study. Pre tested self administered structured Amharic questionnaire and in-depth interview techniques were used to collect the data. Simple statistical methods were used to analyze the quantitative data. A framework of analysis technique which is developed along with the interview guides were used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: usage of western media by the youth now seems to reach a stage that could affect young people's perception and feelings toward westerns and their products in a substantial way. As far as the behavioral impact of the usage of western media and popular cultural products is concerned, this study only examined the likelihood of the youngsters to model after the westerns. Moreover, results of this study showed that western media is more likely to exert modeling effect on the youngsters, making it more likely for them to dress and have a hair-do like the different idols portrayed in movies and music clips. Conclusion: While further research is needed to draw definitive conclusions about the impacts on young people of exposure to pornography, the little evidence available provides grounds for serious concern about exposure of young people to different types of pornography.
Background: With the expansion of technological progress in mass communication, consuming western popular culture has come to be a valuable activity for youths. The objective of this study was to examine youth's exposure to the western media and cultural products and the potential consequence of this exposure. Methods: School-based “sample survey design” were employed in Hawassa city from 1 April to 1 May, 2012. A total of 125 sample were included in the study. Pre tested self administered structured Amharic questionnaire and in-depth interview techniques were used to collect the data. Simple statistical methods were used to analyze the quantitative data. A framework of analysis technique which is developed along with the interview guides were used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: usage of western media by the youth now seems to reach a stage that could affect young people's perception and feelings toward westerns and their products in a substantial way. As far as the behavioral impact of the usage of western media and popular cultural products is concerned, this study only examined the likelihood of the youngsters to model after the westerns. Moreover, results of this study showed that western media is more likely to exert modeling effect on the youngsters, making it more likely for them to dress and have a hair-do like the different idols portrayed in movies and music clips. Conclusion: While further research is needed to draw definitive conclusions about the impacts on young people of exposure to pornography, the little evidence available provides grounds for serious concern about exposure of young people to different types of pornography.
Impacts of Western Popular Culture on Youths in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150303.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-06-17
© Science Publishing Group
Getalem Aychew Beyene
Armaye Debebe Eshete
Impacts of Western Popular Culture on Youths in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia
3
3
115
115
2015-06-17
2015-06-17
10.11648/j.hss.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Impact of Social Media Technologies on the Revolutions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150303.13
In this paper, we analyse the impact of social media technology on the Arab spring, and how individuals and communities used Schemata of Interpretation and Human Factor (cause, justification and emotions) to support the uprising throughout the Middle East. Social Media enabled activists from different regions to use technologies to share ideas and tactics, to inspire and engage protesters aspirations and to resonate from rural areas to gather at centrally located points push the momentum. Using social media the activists were able to distribute key messages for collective action and contribute to awareness and discussion from different political factions to create social anarchy, chaos, cultural imagery and symbolisms. By creating social anarchy activists can forge mutual friendship by individuals within the group through sharing belief and culture. The Causes & Technologies framework being presented here looks at the human factor and identifies key traits and themes that are necessary for Actors within the society to form necessary uprisings.
In this paper, we analyse the impact of social media technology on the Arab spring, and how individuals and communities used Schemata of Interpretation and Human Factor (cause, justification and emotions) to support the uprising throughout the Middle East. Social Media enabled activists from different regions to use technologies to share ideas and tactics, to inspire and engage protesters aspirations and to resonate from rural areas to gather at centrally located points push the momentum. Using social media the activists were able to distribute key messages for collective action and contribute to awareness and discussion from different political factions to create social anarchy, chaos, cultural imagery and symbolisms. By creating social anarchy activists can forge mutual friendship by individuals within the group through sharing belief and culture. The Causes & Technologies framework being presented here looks at the human factor and identifies key traits and themes that are necessary for Actors within the society to form necessary uprisings.
The Impact of Social Media Technologies on the Revolutions
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150303.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Ahmed Al-Abdin
Robert Costello
The Impact of Social Media Technologies on the Revolutions
3
3
124
124
2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.hss.20150303.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150303.13
© Science Publishing Group
Homorganic Nasal Assimilation in Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo: A Non-Linear Phonology
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.13
This paper is entitled: “Homorganic nasal assimilation in Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo: A non linear Approach”. The paper is limited to nasal assimilation found in one of the Afan oromo (AO) dialects spoken in Ethiopia. The dialect is a member of the AO language cluster, which belongs to East-Cushitic branch of Afro-Asiatic super family. The study attempts to use Feature Geometry branched from the theory of Autosegmental Phonology proposed by Goldsmith (1976). The paper is basically based on the fieldwork in Arsi, one of the Zones in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. The data were gathered from five native speakers of Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo (ABAO) who were born in Arsi regional state of Ethiopia. The informants were made to gather those words and sentences that contain nasal sounds. They were made to repeat the words and sentences several times in different order and the data were recorded by using an audio tape recorder for analysis. Then, the pronunciations were transcribed phonemically and phonetically using the IPA conventions as revised to 2005. The results show that the /n/ in emphatic prefix {hin-} and word internally undergoes partial and total assimilation. When the alveolar /n/ in the prefix boundary or word internally is followed by a word with initial stops /b/, /m/, /g/, /k/ ejective /k’/, fricative /f/, and liquids /l/, /r/, the partial homorganic nasal assimilation occurs and the nasal /n/ totally assimilates to the semi-vowels /w/ and /j/.
This paper is entitled: “Homorganic nasal assimilation in Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo: A non linear Approach”. The paper is limited to nasal assimilation found in one of the Afan oromo (AO) dialects spoken in Ethiopia. The dialect is a member of the AO language cluster, which belongs to East-Cushitic branch of Afro-Asiatic super family. The study attempts to use Feature Geometry branched from the theory of Autosegmental Phonology proposed by Goldsmith (1976). The paper is basically based on the fieldwork in Arsi, one of the Zones in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. The data were gathered from five native speakers of Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo (ABAO) who were born in Arsi regional state of Ethiopia. The informants were made to gather those words and sentences that contain nasal sounds. They were made to repeat the words and sentences several times in different order and the data were recorded by using an audio tape recorder for analysis. Then, the pronunciations were transcribed phonemically and phonetically using the IPA conventions as revised to 2005. The results show that the /n/ in emphatic prefix {hin-} and word internally undergoes partial and total assimilation. When the alveolar /n/ in the prefix boundary or word internally is followed by a word with initial stops /b/, /m/, /g/, /k/ ejective /k’/, fricative /f/, and liquids /l/, /r/, the partial homorganic nasal assimilation occurs and the nasal /n/ totally assimilates to the semi-vowels /w/ and /j/.
Homorganic Nasal Assimilation in Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo: A Non-Linear Phonology
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150304.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-07-02
© Science Publishing Group
Tilahun Negash
Homorganic Nasal Assimilation in Arsi-Bale Afan Oromo: A Non-Linear Phonology
3
4
148
148
2015-07-02
2015-07-02
10.11648/j.hss.20150304.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.13
© Science Publishing Group
Socio-cultural and Policy Related Constraints to Women’s Land Right: A Case Study from Gamo Highland, SW Ethiopia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.14
Women are the most marginalized and disadvantaged group of society in relation to accessing and controlling land in rural Ethiopia. The study critically reviews and analyzes the status of rural women in access to and control over land in three purposefully selected rural kebeles of Gamo highlands, SNNPR on smallholder farmers. In the study mixed research approaches including qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect and analyze data. Survey of 164 households mainly females were conducted administrating questionnaires in the quantitative methods. The qualitative method applied was group discussion and interviews and personal observation. In the study descriptive statistics and regression analysis were utilized. The findings clearly depicted that in the study area female headed households owned 0.52 ha farmland compared to 0.86 ha of their male counterpart, where the average holding at the national level and Gamo highland is0.96 and 0.92 ha respectively. Though, Ethiopia’s legal framework is progressive in its support to women’s land rights, due to harmful customary practices, patriarchal orientation and traditional social norms towards female in Gamo highland female do not own and control rural land, and even inherit land from their family and death of husband. The study further noted that among socio-cultural and institutional factors discriminatory cultural practices (60%), low awareness of women on their land right (19.4%), challenge of law enforcement (10.3%) and women’s position in the society (4.7%) are the most dominant constraints that impedes women’s land right in the study area. Moreover, in the study area women’s are less represented in leadership positions and rural land administration council. Of the independent socioeconomic variables sex, educational status and family size are appeared to be statistically significant association with land ownership. Finally it is suggested that awareness creation campaign and proportional representation of women in decision making process and local land administration councils needs urgent response.
Women are the most marginalized and disadvantaged group of society in relation to accessing and controlling land in rural Ethiopia. The study critically reviews and analyzes the status of rural women in access to and control over land in three purposefully selected rural kebeles of Gamo highlands, SNNPR on smallholder farmers. In the study mixed research approaches including qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect and analyze data. Survey of 164 households mainly females were conducted administrating questionnaires in the quantitative methods. The qualitative method applied was group discussion and interviews and personal observation. In the study descriptive statistics and regression analysis were utilized. The findings clearly depicted that in the study area female headed households owned 0.52 ha farmland compared to 0.86 ha of their male counterpart, where the average holding at the national level and Gamo highland is0.96 and 0.92 ha respectively. Though, Ethiopia’s legal framework is progressive in its support to women’s land rights, due to harmful customary practices, patriarchal orientation and traditional social norms towards female in Gamo highland female do not own and control rural land, and even inherit land from their family and death of husband. The study further noted that among socio-cultural and institutional factors discriminatory cultural practices (60%), low awareness of women on their land right (19.4%), challenge of law enforcement (10.3%) and women’s position in the society (4.7%) are the most dominant constraints that impedes women’s land right in the study area. Moreover, in the study area women’s are less represented in leadership positions and rural land administration council. Of the independent socioeconomic variables sex, educational status and family size are appeared to be statistically significant association with land ownership. Finally it is suggested that awareness creation campaign and proportional representation of women in decision making process and local land administration councils needs urgent response.
Socio-cultural and Policy Related Constraints to Women’s Land Right: A Case Study from Gamo Highland, SW Ethiopia
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150304.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-07-07
© Science Publishing Group
Teshome Yirgu Bayu
Socio-cultural and Policy Related Constraints to Women’s Land Right: A Case Study from Gamo Highland, SW Ethiopia
3
4
154
154
2015-07-07
2015-07-07
10.11648/j.hss.20150304.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.14
© Science Publishing Group
Aboriginal People and the Canadian Federation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.15
Following the European colonizer arrived at and invades Canada, the Aboriginal people-who are considered as the natives, have been oppressed for many centuries. Their land was taken by the settlers and their economy become too sluggish and subsistence; they were marginalized in the social, economic, cultural and political arenas. This paper is aimed to assess the root causes of conflict between the aboriginals and settlers and to identify measures taken by the government to address the problems. We used intensive secondary data through reviewing different books and international journals. Lose of land ownership, deterioration of health and economic development, worst assimilation of Aboriginal People to the main stream culture, Political marginalization such under representation of them under government office, Economic exploitation of Aboriginal People are some of the real causes of conflict between Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal People. Besides, they are not also allowed to run their own business activities, exercise their cultural ways of life, improve and develop their culture and traditions. Federalism, multiculturalism, empowering Supreme Court and the constitution act of 1982 were of the institutional arrangement recognized typically to deal with the existing real conflict and to accommodate diversity. Some of possible measures taken by the government are- the recognition of the right to land title; the right to self-government on their internal matters, to develop their culture, language and identities. It also allowed developing laws like laws on customary marriage for their people though subject to the approval of the minister responsible for their affairs have also been recognized to exercise.
Following the European colonizer arrived at and invades Canada, the Aboriginal people-who are considered as the natives, have been oppressed for many centuries. Their land was taken by the settlers and their economy become too sluggish and subsistence; they were marginalized in the social, economic, cultural and political arenas. This paper is aimed to assess the root causes of conflict between the aboriginals and settlers and to identify measures taken by the government to address the problems. We used intensive secondary data through reviewing different books and international journals. Lose of land ownership, deterioration of health and economic development, worst assimilation of Aboriginal People to the main stream culture, Political marginalization such under representation of them under government office, Economic exploitation of Aboriginal People are some of the real causes of conflict between Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal People. Besides, they are not also allowed to run their own business activities, exercise their cultural ways of life, improve and develop their culture and traditions. Federalism, multiculturalism, empowering Supreme Court and the constitution act of 1982 were of the institutional arrangement recognized typically to deal with the existing real conflict and to accommodate diversity. Some of possible measures taken by the government are- the recognition of the right to land title; the right to self-government on their internal matters, to develop their culture, language and identities. It also allowed developing laws like laws on customary marriage for their people though subject to the approval of the minister responsible for their affairs have also been recognized to exercise.
Aboriginal People and the Canadian Federation
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150304.15
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-07-17
© Science Publishing Group
Alene Agegnehu
Ayele Behaylu
Aboriginal People and the Canadian Federation
3
4
158
158
2015-07-17
2015-07-17
10.11648/j.hss.20150304.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.15
© Science Publishing Group
Phonotactic Properties of Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS: Urfa Region Sample
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.11
Turkish folk music has a priviliged place in music types due to regional dialect varieties. The future of Turkish folk music depends on protection of its attitude originating from dialect differences and its resistance against change. Turkish folk music regional dialect properties are transcripted by Turkish Linguistic Institiution Transcription Signs/TLITS depending on linguistic laws in axis of phonetics, morphology and parole existence. On the other hand, depending on musicological laws, regional dialect properties of Turkish folk music which is a verbal/artistic performance type structured in axis of linguistic approaches in ethnomusicology-performance/display theory are also transcripted by Turkish Linguistic Institution Transcription Signs/TLITS. It is determined and approved by linguistic/musicology source and authotrities that this reality which is also present in other world languages can be transferred to notation and vocalized again and again in accordance with its original through International Phonetic Alphabet/IPA existence and usability of which have been registered by local and universal standards through the notification that will be submitted. In order to initiate an application parallel to applications in national/international platforms a suggestion was made under the scope of ITU SBE TMP Post Graduation Program thesis, it will be developed under the scope of ITU SBE MJT Doctorate Program thesis, therefore Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS based on Turkish Linguistic Insitution Transcription Signs/TLITS and International Phonetic Alphabet/IPA sounds in axis of linguistics/morphology measures together with local/universal attachments will be introduced; the conveying and adaptation processes of phonotactic properties (defined as a field of science examining the voices that may and may not be placed respectively in a language, phonology/voice combination/voice coalescence rules) to Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS will be realized. Gele Gele Geldim Bir Kara Dasa folk music text which is one of the 128 melodious poetical literature examples transcripted by Urfa/Kerkük/Tallâfer Dialects Turkish Linguistic Insitution Transcription Signs/UKTD TLITS and musics recorded live in music assemblies between years 1967-1987 and phonograph records were selected as sample material (together with voice record compiled from a source person who is expert in the regional music and universal correlations) that will be examined by phonotactic theory/analysis method according to scientific compilation rules. Besides, detailed emphasize will be made on Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System of Phonotactic Awareness Skill Development Processes/TFMPNS PASDP-Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System of Phonotactic Therapy Applications/TFMPNS PTA-Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System of Phonotactic Probability Calculator Database/TFMPNS PPCD.
Turkish folk music has a priviliged place in music types due to regional dialect varieties. The future of Turkish folk music depends on protection of its attitude originating from dialect differences and its resistance against change. Turkish folk music regional dialect properties are transcripted by Turkish Linguistic Institiution Transcription Signs/TLITS depending on linguistic laws in axis of phonetics, morphology and parole existence. On the other hand, depending on musicological laws, regional dialect properties of Turkish folk music which is a verbal/artistic performance type structured in axis of linguistic approaches in ethnomusicology-performance/display theory are also transcripted by Turkish Linguistic Institution Transcription Signs/TLITS. It is determined and approved by linguistic/musicology source and authotrities that this reality which is also present in other world languages can be transferred to notation and vocalized again and again in accordance with its original through International Phonetic Alphabet/IPA existence and usability of which have been registered by local and universal standards through the notification that will be submitted. In order to initiate an application parallel to applications in national/international platforms a suggestion was made under the scope of ITU SBE TMP Post Graduation Program thesis, it will be developed under the scope of ITU SBE MJT Doctorate Program thesis, therefore Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS based on Turkish Linguistic Insitution Transcription Signs/TLITS and International Phonetic Alphabet/IPA sounds in axis of linguistics/morphology measures together with local/universal attachments will be introduced; the conveying and adaptation processes of phonotactic properties (defined as a field of science examining the voices that may and may not be placed respectively in a language, phonology/voice combination/voice coalescence rules) to Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS will be realized. Gele Gele Geldim Bir Kara Dasa folk music text which is one of the 128 melodious poetical literature examples transcripted by Urfa/Kerkük/Tallâfer Dialects Turkish Linguistic Insitution Transcription Signs/UKTD TLITS and musics recorded live in music assemblies between years 1967-1987 and phonograph records were selected as sample material (together with voice record compiled from a source person who is expert in the regional music and universal correlations) that will be examined by phonotactic theory/analysis method according to scientific compilation rules. Besides, detailed emphasize will be made on Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System of Phonotactic Awareness Skill Development Processes/TFMPNS PASDP-Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System of Phonotactic Therapy Applications/TFMPNS PTA-Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System of Phonotactic Probability Calculator Database/TFMPNS PPCD.
Phonotactic Properties of Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS: Urfa Region Sample
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150304.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Gonca Demir
Phonotactic Properties of Turkish Folk Music Phonetic Notation System/TFMPNS: Urfa Region Sample
3
4
132
132
2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.hss.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
How to Build a Nest for Success in the Public Health Sector: A Critical Look at the Leadership Theories
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.12
In this 21st century of technological advancement, it is very clear that the challenges before the public health sector and most importantly the leadership are enormous, spanning from bio-terrorism, the super bugs, drug resistance, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, increase in preventable metabolic and nutritional disorders, widening gap between the rich and the poor, and drug companies sponsoring researches for their economic gains. To effectively address these challenges, require public health leaders that have clear understanding and applicability of the various leadership theories. Considering the fact that there is no single theory that is effective within the public health leadership circle, there is need for future public health leaders to look for alternative theories or a combination of theories that would ensure effectiveness in the discharge of their responsibilities to create a nest for success within the public health sector. As public health professionals, we are aware that public health leadership aims to protect the health of the public, promote population health, prevent diseases, assess effectiveness of the health systems, evaluate the impact of interventions, and reduce health inequity and inequality. However, achieving this is only possible when there is in place the right leader at the right time. Thus, public health leaders would require certain traits and skills that enables them build infrastructure that prevent diseases, serve the people, ensure population based approach on public health issues, and create community-wide health strategies to bring the required positive social change. However, this is not possible except when there is the right leadership at the helm of affairs who was able to master the various leadership theories and their applicability.
In this 21st century of technological advancement, it is very clear that the challenges before the public health sector and most importantly the leadership are enormous, spanning from bio-terrorism, the super bugs, drug resistance, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, increase in preventable metabolic and nutritional disorders, widening gap between the rich and the poor, and drug companies sponsoring researches for their economic gains. To effectively address these challenges, require public health leaders that have clear understanding and applicability of the various leadership theories. Considering the fact that there is no single theory that is effective within the public health leadership circle, there is need for future public health leaders to look for alternative theories or a combination of theories that would ensure effectiveness in the discharge of their responsibilities to create a nest for success within the public health sector. As public health professionals, we are aware that public health leadership aims to protect the health of the public, promote population health, prevent diseases, assess effectiveness of the health systems, evaluate the impact of interventions, and reduce health inequity and inequality. However, achieving this is only possible when there is in place the right leader at the right time. Thus, public health leaders would require certain traits and skills that enables them build infrastructure that prevent diseases, serve the people, ensure population based approach on public health issues, and create community-wide health strategies to bring the required positive social change. However, this is not possible except when there is the right leadership at the helm of affairs who was able to master the various leadership theories and their applicability.
How to Build a Nest for Success in the Public Health Sector: A Critical Look at the Leadership Theories
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150304.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-07-02
© Science Publishing Group
Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh
Fadimatu Jalal-Eddeen
Annah Yohanna Kilba
How to Build a Nest for Success in the Public Health Sector: A Critical Look at the Leadership Theories
3
4
139
139
2015-07-02
2015-07-02
10.11648/j.hss.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Residential Environment and Types of Childhood
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.11
Children who are not enabled to play freely may suffer limitations in their physical, social and cognitive development. There is a danger that widespread play deprivation may lead to future generations of adults lacking essential social and personal skills. Recent German research identifies opportunities for children aged between 5 and 9 to begin experiencing independence as essential for healthy child development, and distinguishes between autonomous and heteronomous forms of childhood. The amount of time that children in this age group play outside without adult supervision was investigated and found to correlate with the quality of children's residential environments. The quality of the 'action space' available to children correlates with the economic and cultural resources of their families, so that children from socially and materially deprived homes have significantly less opportunity to develop their autonomy, through the 'latent curriculum' of free play, than children from more affluent homes: 'street childhood' has become a sign of wealth rather than poverty. Conventional playgrounds with limited, fixed installations lack scope for imaginative or creative play and fail to meet the requirements of quality play space for children. In contrast, action spaces designed with local children and which allow for creative play with natural materials are 50% cheaper to build than standard playgrounds. The need is asserted for children's policy to be embedded in housing, public space, traffic and urban design decisions, in order for the right to play to be effectively implemented. These developments are contrasted with the prevailing culture and controversies on child safety and freedom in the USA, and compared to current trends and debates in the UK on the changing nature of childhood, restricted play opportunities and child safety. The impact of UK law is considered as a key factor contributing to fear of allowing children to experience risk in play. Further research is proposed to investigate the potential for urban design to enable healthier city childhoods, the relevance of common law as distinct from civil law systems in impairing exercise of the right to play, and the impact of cultural patterns on children's opportunities to develop autonomy.
Children who are not enabled to play freely may suffer limitations in their physical, social and cognitive development. There is a danger that widespread play deprivation may lead to future generations of adults lacking essential social and personal skills. Recent German research identifies opportunities for children aged between 5 and 9 to begin experiencing independence as essential for healthy child development, and distinguishes between autonomous and heteronomous forms of childhood. The amount of time that children in this age group play outside without adult supervision was investigated and found to correlate with the quality of children's residential environments. The quality of the 'action space' available to children correlates with the economic and cultural resources of their families, so that children from socially and materially deprived homes have significantly less opportunity to develop their autonomy, through the 'latent curriculum' of free play, than children from more affluent homes: 'street childhood' has become a sign of wealth rather than poverty. Conventional playgrounds with limited, fixed installations lack scope for imaginative or creative play and fail to meet the requirements of quality play space for children. In contrast, action spaces designed with local children and which allow for creative play with natural materials are 50% cheaper to build than standard playgrounds. The need is asserted for children's policy to be embedded in housing, public space, traffic and urban design decisions, in order for the right to play to be effectively implemented. These developments are contrasted with the prevailing culture and controversies on child safety and freedom in the USA, and compared to current trends and debates in the UK on the changing nature of childhood, restricted play opportunities and child safety. The impact of UK law is considered as a key factor contributing to fear of allowing children to experience risk in play. Further research is proposed to investigate the potential for urban design to enable healthier city childhoods, the relevance of common law as distinct from civil law systems in impairing exercise of the right to play, and the impact of cultural patterns on children's opportunities to develop autonomy.
Residential Environment and Types of Childhood
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150305.11
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-07-25
© Science Publishing Group
Baldo Blinkert
Ellen Weaver
Residential Environment and Types of Childhood
3
5
168
168
2015-07-25
2015-07-25
10.11648/j.hss.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group
Soul & Body: The Developments of the Ideology of Resurrection in Ancient Israel
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.12
The Jews who returned from the exile, Later Jews who lived after the exile and the Early Church who have gone through intense persecutions elevated the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead as if it was the most important of all biblical doctrines. This notion has made some scholars to think that the idea of resurrection emanated from the exilic periods simply because the Jewish people suffered. Using the ancient Israelites views on the conceptions of the soul together with their burial beliefs, this researcher argues that the ancient Israelites beliefs in the afterlife which evolved into the doctrine of resurrection were visible even before the exile. Certain beliefs and practices of the Israelites suggests that their beliefs in the resurrection of the dead pre-dates the exilic periods. The purpose of this research is to show traces of resurrection beliefs in ancient Israel before the exile and to argue that the persecution of the Jewish is not the only reason behind the development of the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead.
The Jews who returned from the exile, Later Jews who lived after the exile and the Early Church who have gone through intense persecutions elevated the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead as if it was the most important of all biblical doctrines. This notion has made some scholars to think that the idea of resurrection emanated from the exilic periods simply because the Jewish people suffered. Using the ancient Israelites views on the conceptions of the soul together with their burial beliefs, this researcher argues that the ancient Israelites beliefs in the afterlife which evolved into the doctrine of resurrection were visible even before the exile. Certain beliefs and practices of the Israelites suggests that their beliefs in the resurrection of the dead pre-dates the exilic periods. The purpose of this research is to show traces of resurrection beliefs in ancient Israel before the exile and to argue that the persecution of the Jewish is not the only reason behind the development of the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead.
Soul & Body: The Developments of the Ideology of Resurrection in Ancient Israel
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150305.12
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-08-22
© Science Publishing Group
Jock Matthew Agai
Soul & Body: The Developments of the Ideology of Resurrection in Ancient Israel
3
5
176
176
2015-08-22
2015-08-22
10.11648/j.hss.20150305.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.12
© Science Publishing Group
Envisioning Gender Justice in Our Hearts and Minds: A Promising Tool for Change
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.13
In the quest for making legal sense of human rights to equality for all and bringing sustainable change in the lives of human kind, bringing justice to the lime light of our hearts and minds is mandatory. In marching to growth and development, foremost, everyone must accept that human beings are created equal and lives should be treated undifferentiated. However, our world has lived in a state of selfishness; women (our beloved mothers, sisters, daughters, wives and relatives) remained marginalized for long years of time. This is a very disappointing act against the law of nature, or morality, and the positive law (in the sense of human rights to equality). In addition, it is an overt self-defeating move towards our endeavor for change and sustainable development. Therefore, this essay is purported to briefly and concisely depict the sensitivity of gender justice to human rights to equality and sustainable development. That it making gender justice a reality is vital for bringing comprehensive change decisive for betterment of human life. As such, this essay is going to curse the past mischief, and advocates and plausibly argues the need for the conception of gender justice in our every walk of life.
In the quest for making legal sense of human rights to equality for all and bringing sustainable change in the lives of human kind, bringing justice to the lime light of our hearts and minds is mandatory. In marching to growth and development, foremost, everyone must accept that human beings are created equal and lives should be treated undifferentiated. However, our world has lived in a state of selfishness; women (our beloved mothers, sisters, daughters, wives and relatives) remained marginalized for long years of time. This is a very disappointing act against the law of nature, or morality, and the positive law (in the sense of human rights to equality). In addition, it is an overt self-defeating move towards our endeavor for change and sustainable development. Therefore, this essay is purported to briefly and concisely depict the sensitivity of gender justice to human rights to equality and sustainable development. That it making gender justice a reality is vital for bringing comprehensive change decisive for betterment of human life. As such, this essay is going to curse the past mischief, and advocates and plausibly argues the need for the conception of gender justice in our every walk of life.
Envisioning Gender Justice in Our Hearts and Minds: A Promising Tool for Change
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150305.13
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-09-05
© Science Publishing Group
Alemnew Gebeyehu Dessie
Envisioning Gender Justice in Our Hearts and Minds: A Promising Tool for Change
3
5
184
184
2015-09-05
2015-09-05
10.11648/j.hss.20150305.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.13
© Science Publishing Group
Decentralizing Rural Development Practice in Nigeria: The Challenges and Opportunities
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.14
The decentralization of economic and political powers has been an important tool for developing the rural and remote areas across the world. But how does decentralization work in some contexts and what are the challenges and opportunities? This paper discusses these issues in relation to Nigeria’s rural development experiences and practices. Various Nigeria’s rural development programmes have been reviewed to assess how their implementations have benefitted from decentralization practices. The results demonstrate that decentralization has not been strictly applied as a framework for the development of the rural areas. Colonial and post-colonial rural development plans have always been centrally directed. Even when constitutional reforms were effected to grant political, administrative, fiscal and financial autonomy to the rural areas through the local council authorities, actual implementation hardly reflect the ideals of decentralization. The paper argues that while the prospect of decentralization implies enormous opportunities for the development of the rural areas, such opportunity may hardly be realized due to a lack of local capacity to participate in local governance activities. Given this limitation, decentralization, in whatever form, will continue to be a tool to consolidate the State and elite powers.
The decentralization of economic and political powers has been an important tool for developing the rural and remote areas across the world. But how does decentralization work in some contexts and what are the challenges and opportunities? This paper discusses these issues in relation to Nigeria’s rural development experiences and practices. Various Nigeria’s rural development programmes have been reviewed to assess how their implementations have benefitted from decentralization practices. The results demonstrate that decentralization has not been strictly applied as a framework for the development of the rural areas. Colonial and post-colonial rural development plans have always been centrally directed. Even when constitutional reforms were effected to grant political, administrative, fiscal and financial autonomy to the rural areas through the local council authorities, actual implementation hardly reflect the ideals of decentralization. The paper argues that while the prospect of decentralization implies enormous opportunities for the development of the rural areas, such opportunity may hardly be realized due to a lack of local capacity to participate in local governance activities. Given this limitation, decentralization, in whatever form, will continue to be a tool to consolidate the State and elite powers.
Decentralizing Rural Development Practice in Nigeria: The Challenges and Opportunities
doi:10.11648/j.hss.20150305.14
Humanities and Social Sciences
2015-09-12
© Science Publishing Group
Nseabasi S. Akpan
Decentralizing Rural Development Practice in Nigeria: The Challenges and Opportunities
3
5
192
192
2015-09-12
2015-09-12
10.11648/j.hss.20150305.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=208&doi=10.11648/j.hss.20150305.14
© Science Publishing Group